2010年重点实验室年报.pdf
2010年重点实验室年报.pdf
中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 中国科学院 植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2010 年报 Annual Report · 中国科学院武汉植物园 Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业 重点实验室 2010 年报 目 录 一、基本信息................................................................................... 1 二、实验室研究方向和发展目标 ................................................... 1 三、工作进展................................................................................... 4 （一）特色农业资源植物保育原理.......................................... 4 （二）特色农业资源植物优质和抗性性状的生物学基础.... 12 （三）特色农业资源植物的种质创新和可持续利用............ 17 四、科研产出 .......................................................................... 23 五、人员信息 .......................................................................... 23 1. 队伍建设 .............................................................................. 23 2. 研究生培养情况 .................................................................. 23 六、合作与交流 ...................................................................... 24 七、仪器设备 .......................................................................... 25 八、2010 年度大事记 ............................................................. 25 九、附录 .................................................................................. 26 附录一 在研项目 ................................................................... 26 附录二 科研产出 ................................................................... 32 附录三 人员信息 ................................................................... 36 附录四 人才培养 ................................................................... 41 附录五 合作与交流 ............................................................... 44 附录六 仪器设备 ................................................................... 48 附录七 论文选编 ................................................................... 49 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 一、基本信息 实验室中文名称：中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 实验室英文名称：Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences 实验室代码：2009DP173234 依托单位：中国科学院武汉植物园 实验室主任：李绍华 实验室学术委员会主任：邓秀新 通讯地址：湖北省武汉市 磨山中国科学院武汉植物园 邮编：430074 实验室秘书：周玲 联系电话：027-87510562 传真：027-87570670 E-MAIL：zhouling2008913@163.com 学科 1 学科 2 学科 3 名称 代码 名称 代码 学科分类 生物学 0710 林学 0907 硕士点 植物学 071001 博士点 植物学 071001 博士后站 生物学 0710 研究性质 归口领域 园林植物与观 赏园艺 √ 应用基础研究 □基础研究 □ 名称 代码 090706 □社会公益性研究 □高技术研发 √ 生命科学 □医学科学 □信息 □材料 □工程 □化学 □数理 □地学 □ 二、实验室研究方向和发展目标 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室于2010年1月由中国科学院 批准设立，依托单位为中国科学院武汉植物园，5月15日正式挂牌成立。现任学 术委员会主任为邓秀新院士，实验室主任为李绍华研究员。 实验室定位：面向国家特色农业植物资源收集保护与可持续利用需求，立足 于园林园艺经济植物、能源植物、药用植物、水生经济植物等特色农业资源种质 创新与开发利用，系统研究植物濒危机制与保育原理、关键类群的系统发育重建、 谱系地理与分子进化，致力于植物资源评价与功能基因发掘、种质创新与新品种 1 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 培育、功能化合物开发与产业化研究及技术创新，为我国特色农业的快速可持续 发展提供理论与技术支撑。 研究方向： 1．特色农业资源植物保育原理：特色农业植物资源遗传评价、核心种质和 相应指纹图谱的建立、种质资源迁地保育原理；重要特色农业经济植物的系统发 育与保育基因组学；重要农业植物资源遗传多样性分布格局、基因流动态和适应 性进化。围绕资源保育与开发利用的共性机理，为特色农业资源植物可持续利用 提供理论基础和关键技术支撑。 2．特色农业资源植物优质和抗性性状的生物学基础：特色农业资源植物优 良品质和特异抗性/耐性的生理生化基础；特种资源植物次生代谢的分子机制； 优良品质、特异抗性/耐性相关的重要基因的克隆和生物学功能；重要功能基因 的分子标签或紧密连锁分子标记的开发。针对特有的优良品质和抗性/耐性深入 开展应用基础研究，阐明其分子和生理生化机制，并为这些优良性状向大田作物 的转移提供基因和分子标记资源。 3．特色农业资源植物的种质创新和可持续利用：研究特色资源植物的育种、 繁殖、栽培和综合开发利用的技术体系，为特种资源植物的可持续利用提供优良 种苗和相应的技术保障。重点培育适应性强并具有自主知识产权的特色资源作物 新品种；特色资源植物的高效繁殖和转基因技术；特种资源植物的优质高产和绿 色生态栽培技术体系。 发展目标：基于资源植物学、遗传学、基因组学及蛋白组学等学科的原理、 研究方法与发展趋势，围绕国家农业产业可持续发展的战略需求，遵循资源收集 保护、科学研究与开发利用的“3R 模式”，开展特色园艺植物、能源植物、药用 植物、水生经济植物等特色农业资源植物种质资源保护与可持续利用的研究，取 得具有国际影响的原创性和前瞻性研究成果，育成具自主知识产权的特色农作物 新品种，促进我国特色农业科学与产业的发展。培养一批高层次人才，建成我国 特色农业资源植物种质资源保护与可持续利用研究中心。通过 5-10 年的努力， 争取把实验室建设成为国家重点实验室。 2 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 学科布置： 序号 研究单元 学术带 研 头人 究 方 向 葡萄种质果实品质特点及遗传规律；葡萄抗逆和果 1 园艺作物生物学 李绍华 实品质形成的调控机制及其基因的挖掘；转基因改 良葡萄果实品质及抗性 2 植物保育遗传学 黄宏文 植物遗传资源的收集与评价研究；植物的濒危机制 和保育原理研究；猕猴桃特异资源发掘及育种改良 特种药用植物资源的收集、评价和可持续开发利 3 比较功能基因组学 王 瑛 用；药用植物次生代谢的分子调控机制； 跨物种 生物信息学数据挖掘 能源植物种质资源收集评价与新品种培育；植物比 4 植物应用基因组学 彭俊华 较基因组学；植物分子遗传学；作物野生资源重要 基因挖掘 5 草坪种质资源学 傅金民 草坪草种质资源与育种；草坪逆境生理和分子代谢 机制；特殊生境草本植物的选育与应用 萝卜中重要农业功能基因资源的深度挖掘；蕨类植 6 种群遗传学 王 艇 物叶绿体基因组进化；凤尾蕨科旱生蕨类 rbcL 基 因的适应性进化和共进化 7 果树分子育种学 韩月彭 桃等重要果树果实品质性状形成的分子机理；果树 果实品质性状的分子设计育种 经济微藻（螺旋藻、红球藻等）优良藻种选育和工 8 植物生物技术 李夜光 业化生产关键技术优化研究；能源微藻资源收集、 优良藻种选育和大规模培养技术研究；微藻分类 学、系统学研究 采用形态学、细胞学和分子系统学等实验方法，研 9 系统与进化植物学 李建强 究维管束植物某些关键类群的系统分类、系统发育 和生物地理学问题 10 11 资源植物繁殖生物 学 天然药物生物合成 学 杨平仿 植物有性生殖及种子形成机制；植物种子休眠及萌 发机理 章焰生 资源植物药用化学品质特征及合成调控；资源植物 药用化合物的生物合成及关键基因的挖掘 3 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 三、工作进展 本年度在研科研课题共 96 项，总经费 5679.6 万元（见附录一），其中 2010 年新增项目 29 项，新增科研经费近 1456.6 万元。在研课题包含： 973 项目 1项 863 项目 1项 国家重大专项 2项 国家科技支撑计划项目 2项 国家基金重点项目 1项 行业重大专项 2项 国家自然科学基金面上和青年基金项目 20 项 其他国家任务 6项 国际合作项目 5项 中科院创新专项和院专项 20 项 研究所自选项目 11 项 其他横向委托项目 25 项 （一）特色农业资源植物保育原理 1. 猕猴桃科及杜鹃目内的其它近缘科属物种的古多倍化和物种形成机制 多倍化或者整基因组复制事件在植物的进化过程中非常的普遍，然而，量化 植物进化过程中的古老多倍化事件仍然十分的困难。利用已有的 EST 数据库资 源对猕猴桃科（Actinidiaceae）以及其所在的杜鹃目（Ericales）内的其它近缘科 属物种的古多倍化和物种形成机制进行了研究。结果表明，猕猴桃属内发生过至 少两次古多倍化事件，其中最近的一次古多倍化事件与猕猴桃科内的细胞学研究 证据相吻合，而较远的一次古多倍化事件发生于猕猴桃与茶（Camellia）的共同 祖先之处。这一研究结果进一步表明利用大规模的对基因家族进化研究的方法揭 示生物进化过程中的古多倍化和物种形成事件是可靠的。研究成果丰富了进化生 物学理论，同时为猕猴桃分子育种提供依据。 4 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 中华猕猴桃(A)、美 味猕猴桃(B)、毛花 猕猴桃(C)、茶(D)以 及柿(E)基因复制年 代分布柱状图，揭示 了猕猴桃最少经历 一次大规模的复制 事件 2. 植物 NAC 基因的系统进化学研究 NAC(NAM/ATAF/CUC)蛋白是植物中最大的转录因子家族之一，参与植物 发育中多种调控过程，如侧根的形成、激素信号传导、衰老、细胞分裂、生物和 非生物胁迫反应等。通过分析 5 个主要植物类群全基因组序列，发现苔藓和石松 类植物中的 NAC 蛋白均不足 40 种，而在被子植物中超过 100 种。系统发育分 析表明，NAC 蛋白包括 21 个亚家族，其中大多拥有高度保守的非 NAC 基序。 NAC 蛋白起源于 4 亿多年前植物由水生向陆生过度时期，而可能在石松类植物 与维管束植物分裂后随同植物向复杂有机体分化而扩张。 5 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 所研究物种的简化系统树 基于最大似然分析的 497 种 NAC 蛋白序列的无根进化树 3. 麻疯树种质资源的遗传评价 与中国科学院华南植物园吴国江研究员合作，采用 ISSR 分子标记对我国麻 疯树种质资源进行了综合的遗传评价，揭示了相对较高的遗传变异性，大陆种质 与海南及临近区域的种质间存在明显的遗传分化，占初始种质 20.54%、含 46 个 基因型的核心种质可以维持原群体 90%以上的遗传多样性，含油量变异与遗传多 样性间有一定相关趋势。本研究提出了我国麻疯树种子资源的保育策略和品种遗 传改良方案(Biomass and Bioenergy 34: 1739-1750, 2010)。 6 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 中国麻疯树核心种质及其地理分布 4. 发现锥属植物两个新种 在云南发现锥属植物两个新种：金平锥 Castanopsis jinpingensis 和麻栗坡锥 C. malipoensis。麻栗坡锥在下金厂镇较为普遍，见于石灰岩山地的密林中，与西 畴锥（Castanopsis xichouensis C. C. Huang & Y. T. Chang）近缘，不同之处在于其 叶片较薄，叶柄较短，壳斗外壁刺扁，坚果较大。金平锥仅分布于五台山上，与 扁刺锥（C. platyacantha Rehder & Wilson）近缘，不同之处在于其叶全缘，壳斗 外壁刺纤细无毛，坚果较小（Annales Botanici Fennici，2010, 47: 301-305）。 麻栗坡锥（Castanopsis malipoensis C. C. 金平锥（C. jinpingensis J. Q. Li & L. Chen Huang ex J. Q. Li & L. Chen） 5. 濒危植物迁地保护中的遗传学风险研究 自 2002 年以来，中国科学院启动了濒危植物迁地保护的长期规划，目标之 一是把中国本土的濒危物种迁地保护在中国的植物园中，因此中国植物园已经成 为珍稀濒危植物迁地保护的重要场所。大量同属的濒危植物的同园栽培将可能产 生一系列遗传学问题，例如遗传完整性的破坏、基因库贫乏以及杂交衰退等。然 而，濒危植物在植物园迁地保护中的遗传学风险问题却往往被忽视。以迁地保护 在武汉植物园的濒危植物秤锤树和狭果秤锤树为研究案例，采用传统的授粉实验 7 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 和分子标记技术揭示了迁地环境下野外灭绝物种与其近缘种的种间杂交渐渗现 象，阐明了花粉散布式样以及迁地保护居群的遗传多样性水平和交配系统。研究 结果为目前植物园间盲目的种子交换敲响警钟，同时也为濒危植物的回归引种提 供了科学依据。研究结果发表在 Conservation Biology。 基于多位点基因型的秤锤树、狭果秤锤树以及秤锤树的后代的个体分配结果（K =2），揭示 了秤锤树与狭果秤锤树之间存在自发的种间杂交 6. 水稻种子的萌发过程中的代谢及调控机理研究 利用蛋白质组学研究技术，对禾本科模式植物水稻种子的萌发过程中的代谢 及调控机理进行了研究。构建了萌发过程中水稻种子的蛋白质表达谱，并在此基 础上构建了萌发种子的基因表达、生化代谢和调控途径。首次发现在种子萌发过 程中既存在着胚乳内淀粉的降解，也存在着种胚内淀粉的合成；糖酵解对于萌发 早期的生物能量需求具有重要意义；发现了转录不是种子的萌发的必须条件，种 子萌发所需的全部 mRNA 在种子成熟阶段就已经获得，并储存在成熟种子中， 萌发仅需翻译产生新的蛋白质；在种子的储存和萌发过程中积累的大量活性氧基 团（ROS）可以被一些氧化还原蛋白酶消除。上述研究成果对于深入阐明种子萌 发过程中的代谢调控机理具有重要意义。 8 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 萌发过程中水稻种子蛋白质的 1-DE 图谱及 LC-MS/MS 鉴定到的蛋白质的功能分类 0h 24 48 72 50 um 水稻种子萌发过程中种胚内淀粉的合成。箭头所示为淀粉粒，图片左下角为图中矩形框区域 的放大图。 9 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 7. 蕨类植物叶绿体基因组进化 前期研究工作发现，蕨类叶绿体基因组大单拷贝区的 rpoB 和 psbZ 间区（BZ 区）表现有丰富的进化变异。本研究对现存蕨类 11 个目的代表植物测序和进化 基因组学分析，发现树蕨类华东瘤足蕨（Plagiogyria japonica）的 BZ 区基因顺 序与以前所知的祖先型和衍生型均不相同，可能是一次小型回复倒位的产物。并 在膜蕨类和木贼类的 trnY-trnE 基因间区（YE-IGS）中观察到大量重复序列存在， 这些重复元件与相邻的 trnY 基因的反密码子区同源，能形成类似的茎环结构。 该研究还证实蕨类的 trnD 基因发生过一次倒位以及 ycf66 基因在蕨类中曾被多次 丢失。这些研究成果对深入理解蕨类植物叶绿体基因组的组织与进化具重要意 义。 各种蕨类植物 rpoB-psbZ 间基因组成及基因顺序 Z: psbZ; G: trnG-GCC; E: trnE-UUC; Y: trnY-GUA; D: trnD-GUC; M, psbM; N: petN; C: trnC-GCA; B: rpoB. 10 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 南海瓶蕨（Vandenboschia radicans）trnY-trnE 基因间区的 27-bp 重复序列 8. 凤尾蕨科旱生蕨类 rbcL 基因的适应性进化和共进化 核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco，EC 4.1.1.39)是植物参与光合作用 的关键酶，其大亚基由叶绿体 rbcL 基因编码。以 53 种凤尾蕨科旱生植物的 rbcL 基因为对象，展开适应性进化和共进化研究。采用位点间可变 ω 比值模型以及 SLAC、REL 和 FEL 等方法进行的适应性进化分析显示：在氨基酸水平上共检测 到 15 个正选择位点，其中有 3 个位点对维持 Rubisco 的功能起重要作用。共进 共进化位点在 Rubisco 大亚基中的空间位置 楔叶铁线蕨 Rubisco 大亚基正选择位点 化分析共鉴定出 2 组共进化位点，这些氨基酸位点间的共进化方式与蛋白质的疏 11 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 水性和分子量都显著相关。以上结果一方面支持基于 ω 比值检验 DNA 编码序列 发生适应性进化的有效性, 另一方面也提示凤尾蕨科植物对干旱生境的适应可 能与 rbcL 基因的适应性进化有关。这些研究结果为深入理解凤尾蕨科植物对干 旱生境的分子适应机制提供了重要参考。 （二）特色农业资源植物优质和抗性性状的生物学基础 1. 葡萄在果实成熟过程中及成熟后香气成分变化研究 采用顶空固相微萃取方法结合气质联用技术，研究了三个不同香气特征的葡 萄品种（中性葡萄品种‘京秀’ 、玫瑰香型品种‘比玫佳’和草莓香型品种‘京 亚’）果实成熟过程中及成熟后所有香气成分动态变化，弄清了不同类型香气品 种的特征性香气成分在成熟过程中及成熟后芳香物质的变化特点；发现了玫瑰香 型品种特征性香气成分萜类化合物在成熟后持续缓慢下降、而草莓香型品种特征 性香气成分脂类化合物在成熟后仍能持续缓积累的规律。上述研究为果实采收适 宜时期的确定提供了依据。 2. 葡萄种质的基因组重测序 通过基因组重测序手段，完成了栽培种和包括我国山葡萄在内野生种共 29 个葡萄种质的基因组重测序，开发了部分的 SNP 分子标记，同时完成了抗寒性 存在显著差异‘北红’ （含山葡萄血统）及其父本‘玫瑰香’在冷胁迫下的表达 12 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 3 种不同香气特征的葡萄品种成熟过程中与成熟后葡萄香气成分变化特点的主成分分析图 A：主成分分析的品种成熟时期散点图（X=‘京秀’，B=‘比玫佳’，Y=‘京亚’；3 个品种 的果实成熟期均为始熟后 4 周。字母后紧跟的数字表示始熟后周数，最后数字表示重复）； B：主成分分析的香气成分的载荷图。 谱研究，发现在冷胁迫下抗寒性强的葡萄种质表达谱变化远比不抗寒种质小的特 点，同时通过比较鉴定，在抗寒种质中获得了部分可能与抗寒相关的特异上调表 达的基因。上述研究为进一步通过建立高密度遗传图谱进行抗寒分子育种及抗寒 基因的挖掘奠定了良好的基础。 3. 药用植物次生代谢的分子调控机制 重点进行了淫羊藿的转录组测序，利用 454 技术进行了叶片和花的转录组测 序。通过转录组分析，获得一批淫羊藿的 EST-SSR，并且结合差异表达文库和同 源基因的克隆等方法，重点克隆了淫羊藿中与次生代谢的合成、调控和运输相关 的候选基因。通过对叶片发育不同时期进行实时定量 PCR 的表达分析，鉴定与 淫羊藿中黄酮醇活性成分积累密切相关的重要基因。 进行枸杞、宁夏枸杞、黑果枸杞的的叶片和果实活性成分的对比分析，基于 枸杞叶片转录组进行枸杞果实颜色和活性成分相关的重要基因的发掘。同时通过 建立番茄的转基因平台，利用番茄进行重要基因的功能验证。 13 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 4. 跨物种生物信息学数据挖掘 通过深入分析 454-EST 序列，建立拼接、注释和代谢途径预测的 pipeline， 这个分析平台建立后可以应用于其他物种的转录组序列分析。通过跨物种的比较 基因组分析，发掘番茄、葡萄和苹果中的与特定器官发育相关的基因、基因簇和 染色体片段。通过分析基因家族中的直系和旁系同源基因的功能异质化，研究同 源基因通过全基因组复制和大片段基因组复制后，功能演化的规律。通过生物信 息学的分析预测编码蛋白中的功能位点和进化特异性位点，为基因功能的实验验 证提供指导。 AtNUDT12 蛋白质的三维结构中显示的特异性进化位点 红色和黄色氨基酸是根据序列进化、三维结构构象比较等预测出的潜在功能位点，并且 部分位点的功能已经得到实验验证。紫色区域是已知的蛋白质功能域。说明蛋白质的生物信 息学进化功能分析可以作为实验研究的非常有效的辅助手段。 5. 油桐 fad2 基因 SNP 分析 fad2 基因是植物油脂合成途径中的关键基因，在物种间具有较强的保守性， 可应用于大范畴系统学分析。通过测序分析油桐种质资源的 fad2 基因， 在长 1.2kb 的编码区序列中发现了 2 个 SNP 位点，SNP232 和 SNP997，均为非同义突变，可 导致氨基酸组分的改变。对突变体油脂组分的分析发现，这两个 SNP 突变均有 可能导致桐油组分的变化，增加多不饱和脂肪酸的含量，尤其是提高桐酸的含量。 该研究结果为进一步调控油桐脂肪酸合成途径、改变油脂组分、实现桐油品质改 良的定向遗传操控奠定了基础。 14 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 fad2 基因 SNP 单倍型的油脂组分 fad2 基因第 232 核苷酸 C→A 突变 6. 草坪耐逆生理和分子代谢机制 利用筛选的抗逆和对逆境敏感的草坪草种质材料，探讨了逆境条件下的草坪 草抗氧化防御能力，碳代谢机理和耐逆基因的表达，明确了草坪草耐逆（盐碱、 干旱和重金属）的生理和分子机制，构建了盐和重金属胁迫下多年生黑麦草耐盐 相关基因的表达文库。上述研究为抗逆基因的筛选和挖掘及功能研究，揭示草坪 草抗逆的分子机理和草坪草耐逆分子育种提供了依据。 盐胁迫下黑麦草抗氧化酶及其基因表达 （左图：抗氧化同工酶图谱的差异；右图：抗氧化酶基因表达的差异） 7. 萝卜中重要农业功能基因资源的深度挖掘 运用 F2 代育性分离群体和分子标记技术鉴定出了萝卜一个新的恢复基因 座，证明了该基因座的恢复基因（Rfo2）对萝卜细胞质雄性不育（CMS）的恢复 作用不依赖于已克隆的萝卜恢复基因 Rfo 的存在，同时初步表明 Rfo2 与 Rfo 具 有不同的分子特征。进一步通过精细定位、萝卜 BAC 文库筛选和测序等方法， 15 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 将 Rfo2 限定在一段 22 kb 的 DNA 区域。上述研究为进一步通过转基因功能验证 新恢复基因提供了前提。 a b 萝卜花药形态（a：雄性可育花药；b：雄性不育花药） 恢复系中候选基因分布简图 8. 苹果果皮着色机理研究 开展苹果果皮着色机理研究，阐明了苹果黄酮 3’-羟化酶与花青素代谢途径 其他结构基因共同调控黄酮醇、花青素前体、花色苷合成的协同机制，明确了 苹果花色苷代谢最后合成步骤——糖基化反应是调控苹果果皮着色的一个重要 调控节点（图 1） ，并获得了一个调控类黄酮糖基转移酶基因表达的 MYB 转录 因子，这些研究结果为苹果果皮着色调控提供了新的思路和分子改良元件。 苹果果实花青素代谢途径 9. 构建苹果遗传连锁图谱 16 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 开发了 355 个苹果 EST-SSR 标记，构建了基于 SSR 标记的苹果遗传连锁图谱， 该图谱总长 1143 cM，相邻标记之间的遗传距离 2.5 cM。同时开展了 BAC 重叠 群（Contig）的遗传定位研究（图 2），实现了 420 Mb 苹果物理图谱与遗传图的 整合，这今后开展果树品质等性状的重要功能基因的发掘提供了重要的研究工 具。 苹果遗传和物理图谱 （三）特色农业资源植物的种质创新和可持续利用 1. 药用植物 z 淫羊藿 进行了淫羊藿野生资源的调查、收集和评价。重点进行了淫羊藿属的系统进 化研究，修订了分类学上有争议的物种。系统采集了种植圃中所有淫羊藿的盛花 期叶片进行种质资源的评价，同时收集和测定了北京、广州、武汉三地的同园栽 培的淫羊藿的样本。 鉴定了含有朝霍定 C 的优良品系，以及较高黄酮醇含量和均衡配比的优良 株系，正在进行优良株系的种苗繁殖和不同地区的区试。 17 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 E. reticulatum (from Y. J. Zhang 378, HIB) B. E. shuichengense (from Y. J. Zhang 375, HIB) C, D. E. wushanense (from Y. J. Zhang 221, HIB) E, F. E. nanchongense (from Y. J. Zhang 128, HIB) G, H. E. ilicifolium (from Y. J. Zhang 109, HIB) E. membranacum (from Y. J. Zhang 303, HIB) J. E. enshiense (from Y. J. Zhang 81, HIB). K, L. E. truncatum (from Y. J. Zhang 295, HIB) 淫羊藿物种的形态学鉴定 z 枸杞 主要进行了一个枸杞新种（Lycium mellitum J. Z. Dong ）的鉴定和分析。 培育了大果、适宜于机械采收、抗病性强的枸杞品种，目前正在进行种苗繁 殖，已经通过了 3 年的区域试验。 z 功能蔬菜 通过筛选药用植物中适宜于药食同源的优良品种，培育特种功能蔬菜。目前 已经与湖北广水的东晨菌业有限公司签订了功能蔬菜的开发协议，共同进行功能 蔬菜的产业化。 z 葛 采用液相色谱（HPLC）分析技术，研究了药用化合物“葛根素”在植物葛 的不同组织（根、茎与叶）中的合成分布，发现葛根素主要是在葛的根中合成， 而茎与叶只有微量的葛根素存在。 18 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 葛根素的空间合成分布 研究了不同外源激素处理对葛的根中葛根素生物合成的影响，结果发现激动 素明显促进葛根素的生物合成，而 2,4-D 处理却抑制了葛根素的合成。上述研究 在优化葛的植物组织培养上面具有一定的实际应用价值。 药用化合物“葛根素”分子中碳糖苷的形成是在某种特殊的糖基转移酶作用 下完成，编码此关键糖基转移酶的基因至今没有被分离出来。通过 RT-PCR 的技 术，从葛的根中分离出 19 种不同的糖基转移酶基因，研究了这些基因的空间表 达模式，发现其中的 6 个糖基转移酶基因在葛的根中的表达量明显高于叶与茎。 上述研究为进一步挖掘葛根素生物合成途径中关键糖基转移酶基因奠定了基础。 葛根中 19 种糖基转移酶基因的分离，其中 6 种在根中表达量较高，已用圆圈表示。 z 长春花 采用薄层层析（TLC）的分析方法，研究了抗癌物质“乌苏酸”在长春花不 同组织中的合成分布，结果发现抗癌物质“乌苏酸”只在长春花叶与花的表层细 胞中合成。此研究为利用植物化学技术，从植物中提取分离“乌苏酸”提供了理 论指导。 分离了长春花叶的表层细胞，并从表层细胞中克隆了一些可能与抗癌物质 19 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 “乌苏酸”生物合成密切相关的基因。上述研究将为抗癌物质“乌苏酸”的生物 合成提供必需的基因资源。 抗癌物质乌苏酸在长春花叶片表层细胞中的合成 （1，乌苏酸标样；2-5，长春花叶表层细胞提取物） 2. 能源植物 z 中国芒 以我国本土的中国芒为目标，在全国范围内开展了大规模种质资源收集评 价工作，已采集到中国芒资源 600 余份和居群 12 个，建立起芒草种质资源专 类圃，筛选出一批高生物量、高糖转化率中国芒资源。 高生物量中国芒种质：在第一年鉴定的 500 余份种质中，株高超过 2 米的 有 100 多份，超过 2 米的有 10 余份；生物量超过 4.5t/ha 的有 10 余份。 高糖转化率中国芒种质：与华中农业大学彭良才教授合作，对 100 份中国 芒种质作了糖转化试验，发现糖转化率超过 70%的有 20 余份。 中国芒种质资源和种群的地理分布图 20 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 种植于中科院武汉植物园的中国芒种质资源 z 油桐 以我国本土的油桐为目标，在全国范围内开展了大规模种质资源收集评价 工作，已采集到油桐资源 430 余份，建立起油桐种质资源专类圃，筛选出一批 高含油量油桐资源：对 300 余份种质含油量测定结果表明，种仁平均含油量达 到 53.37%，最高为 71.91。含油量大于 60%的有 19 份，大于 70%的有 4 份。 油桐种质资源的地理分布图 21 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 种植于四川大英的油桐种质资源 3. 草坪草 基于收集的 2600 份草坪草种质资源材料，采用 RAPD、ISSR 和 SSR 分子 标记，研究了多年生黑麦草、高羊茅、野生结缕草和野生狗牙根的遗传多样性， 发现了广泛的变异。通过草坪草种质资源耐逆能力的鉴定，筛选出耐盐结缕草种 质材料 5 份，耐盐多年生黑麦草 8 份，耐旱高羊茅种质材料 4 份，耐热高羊茅种 质材料 10 份和草地早熟禾 6 份。上述研究为草坪草耐逆遗传规律的研究和新品 种选育奠定了材料基础。 采用耐逆的草本植物种质材料，在天津、内蒙古和湖南示范推广，探讨其栽 培关键技术，为优异耐逆新品种在特殊环境的大面积推广应用提供理论依据。 4. 微藻 在我国内陆水体采集分离培养产油微藻 300 余株，筛选出油脂含量 30%以 上、生长快、适合于大规模培养的藻种 30 余株，其中油脂含量 40%以上的藻种 2 株；建立了以无菌通气培养为基础的产油微藻筛选评价体系；目前正在利用 18S rDNA 进行产油藻种的分子鉴定工作。 对筛选出的 2 株产油微藻优良藻种进行了大规模培养实验，建立了藻种扩 大、规模培养和浓缩采收的关键工艺，为进行产油微藻规模化生产奠定了基础。 在实验室培养条件下研究了 N、P、Fe3+、盐度、光照强度、温度对小球藻 (Chlorella sp. )生长速率、生物量和油脂产量影响的规律，发现重要理化因子对小 球藻(Chlorella sp. )生长和油脂含量的影响有两种模式：1. 适宜模式，2. 胁迫模 式。这两种模式都可以提高油脂含量，但是只有适宜模式可以提高油脂产量。上 述研究为优化产油微藻培养条件提供了理论基础。 与企业合作开展了 “红球藻产业化生产及产品质量标准研究”，制定了红球 藻产品质量标准，2010 年 10 月 29 日红球藻新资源食品获国家卫生部正式批准； 22 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 并在云南程海建成全球最大红球藻生产基地，实现了大规模生产。 产油微藻大规模培养实验 红球藻大规模培养 四、科研产出 本年度实验室共发表科研论文 25 篇（见附录二），其中 SCI 论文 16 篇（含 TOP30% 6 篇，TOP10% 4 篇） ；主编或参与编写的论著 2 部；“孓遗植物桫椤和 黑桫椤的种群遗传结构和分子系统发育地理研究” 获广东省科技进步三等奖、 广州市科技进步三等奖； “五种特种蔬菜的品种选育、栽培技术和应用研究” 获 2010 年武汉市科技成果登记；授权专利 4 项，申请专利 9 项。 五、人员信息 1. 队伍建设 重点实验室现有工作人员 63 人，其中固定人员 47 人（见附录三） ，包括研 究员 15 人（其中 8 人入选中国科学院“百人计划” ），副研究员 10 人，助理研 究员 18 人，获博士学位的人数占固定人员总数的 76.6%。 人才引进： 中科院“百人计划”入选者：杨平仿、章焰生 创新副高：汪念 青年博士：高磊、胡龙兴、潘磊、黎佳、闫娟、陈丽、李大卫 2. 研究生培养情况 现有博士生导师 11 人，硕士生导师 20 人。在读研究生共 78 人（见附录四）， 其中博士 31 人，硕士研究生 47 人。本年度毕业研究生 20 人，其中博士 8 人， 硕士 12 人。目前在站博士后研究人员 2 人。研究生培养取得的成绩： 王瑛研究员指导的曾少华博士获院长优秀奖； 王瑛研究员指导的郭娟博士获地奥二等奖学金； 23 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 李建强研究员指导的张燕君博士获院优秀博士论文提名奖； 黄宏文研究员指导的石涛博士获昌华奖学金优秀奖； 11 名研究生获院 “三好学生标兵”、院“三好学生”或院“优秀学生干部” 荣誉称号。 六、合作与交流 通过建立国际合作项目及聘请外籍研究员等，大力开拓广泛的国际合作渠 道，提高研究水平。实验室目前与美国康奈尔大学、美国内华达大学、法国波尔 多大学、以色列海法大学、加拿大 Bioriginal Food & Science Corp 等国外高校或 科研院所建立了长期合作关系。本年度共有科研人员 3 人次参加国际学术会议 （见附录五） ，其中 1 人次作大会报告。邀请 15 人次前来实验室进行学术交流， 其中国外单位专家 14 人次，国内单位专家 1 人次。邀请国内外专家来室讲学 17 人次，其中来自国外单位的专家 13 人次，来自国内单位专家 4 人次。 在目前开展肯尼亚生物多样性调查的基础上，逐步拓展坦桑尼亚、苏丹、埃 塞俄比亚、博茨瓦纳、纳米比亚、马达加斯加等非洲国家的生物多样性保护与研 究，通过技术及人员培训、联合研究、野外台站建设等途径，建设“中国科学院 非洲生物多样性研究中心”，服务中-非战略合作。已成立了武汉植物园“非洲生 物多样性研究中心” ，并与肯尼亚乔莫•肯尼亚塔农业与技术大学（Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology）签订生物多样性保护与人才交流合作协 议。同时，前期组织院内有关研究所对肯尼亚、乍得、南非及喀麦隆等非洲国家 生物多样性现状进行了多次考察，为非洲有关国家培养和输送了生物多样性方面 的专业研究人员。 实验室于 5 月 22 日-23 日在武汉植物园举办了“第三届全国植物蛋白质组学 学术研讨会”。本次会议由中国植物学会主办、中国科学院武汉植物园（植物种 质创新与特色农业重点实验室）承办。会议由中国植物学会名誉理事长、中国科 学院院士匡廷云主持，来自全国各高校和研究所的 120 多名从事植物蛋白质组学 研究的专家和学者参加前来参加。会议还特邀了美国斯坦福大学王志勇教授、日 本国立农业科学研究所 Komatsu 教授、香港科技大学李凝教授参与学术交流和 讨论。会议期间，与会代表讨论了植物蛋白质组学未来 5-10 年的研究方向和热 点。本次研讨会将进一步加强国内相关学者之间的交流和合作，提高我国植物蛋 白质组学的整体研究水平和国际竞争力。 本年度共接受国内外其他单位申请的开放课题 4 项，目前 4 项课题均在执行 中。 24 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 七、仪器设备 按照科学院有关实验室公共平台建设要求，实验室高度重视现有平台的维护 与共享，本年度先后开支 50 万元用于购置较大型公共实验设备与设施，这些设 备和设施的添置将为实验室相关科研工作的开展提供更有利的保障。同时，本实 验室建设也得到了全园的极大支持。 另外，本园及实验室的平台建设得到科学院的大力支持，科学院支持购买的 液相色谱质谱仪、稳定同位素质谱仪、电感耦合等离子质谱仪已陆续到位。 目前，实验室 5 万元以上仪器设备共 37 台（套），设备总值 800 余万元（见 附录六） 。 八、2010 年度大事记 1 月，经中国科学院人事教育局审核批准，重点实验室杨平仿博士、章焰生 博士入选中科院“百人计划”。 1 月 28 日，中国科学院武汉植物园主持的“白子菜、费菜、枸杞与茎叶菜用 甘薯等特种蔬菜的开发利用”项目顺利通过了由武汉市科学技术局组织的成果鉴 定。 5 月 15 日，中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室启动仪式暨学术 委员会第一次会议在武汉植物园举行。 5 月 22 日-23 日，第三届全国植物蛋白质组学学术研讨会在武汉植物园成功 召开。 5 月 23 日-6 月 2 日，中科院武汉植物园与肯尼亚乔莫·肯尼亚塔农业与技术 大学签署了合作协议书，正式启动中国东非植物多样性保护与合作研究项目。 5 月，经农业部批准，武汉植物园获批建设“国家猕猴桃种质资源圃”。 6 月，王瑛、王艇研究员顺利通过中科院“百人计划”终期评估。 9 月，彭俊华研究员联合傅金民研究员共同申报的 “野生二粒小麦抗锈病和 耐逆境基因的挖掘研究”课题获批国家自然科学基金重点项目。 10 月 19 日，以肯尼亚乔莫·肯尼亚塔农业与技术大学常务副校长 Mabel Imbuga 教授为团长的代表团访问武汉植物园，就中国东非植物生物多样性合作 项目进行商讨与落实。 12 月 15 日，重点实验室召开学术交流会，青年科研人员及研究士生作了 13 场专题学术报告，共 80 余位科研人员和研究生参加。 25 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 九、附录 附录一 在研项目 1. 国际合作项目 序 号 1 2 来源 经费 （万元） 负责人 2010.1-2011.12 6.5 李志能 2009.5-2011.12 18 李作洲 2010.12-2012.12 60 陈建军 2010.5-2013.5 40 彭俊华 项目名称 起止时间 瑞典国际基金 悬铃木花发育应用研 （IFS） 究 加拿大国际植物 棉花钾效率基因型差 营养研究所 异的分子遗传机理研 究 3 4 5 日本 “丸善制药 甘草资源调查和优良 株式会社” 品种培育 美国国家科学基 Inactivating rust 金会和盖茨基金 resistance suppressors 会促进农业发展 to unlock multiple 的基础研究计划 defense responses in (NSF-Gates) wheat 意大利 新品种拍卖 2005.8-2013.9 1000 黄宏文 --- --- 1124.5 --- 合 计 2. 国家科研项目 序号 类别 项目名称 起止时间 经费 （万元） 负责人 1 国家重大专项 转基因抗锈病小麦新种质 创制与新品种选育 2009.1-2011.12 69 彭俊华 2 国家重大专项 优质加工品质转基因小麦 新品种培育 2010.5-2012.12 125 彭俊华 3 973 小麦高产优质品种设计和 选育的应用基础研究 2009.9-2013.12 50 彭俊华 4 863 猕猴桃新品种选育及产业 化技术研究 2010.1-2010.12 40 钟彩虹 5 国家基金重点 野生二粒小麦抗锈病和耐 逆境基因的挖掘研究 2011.1-2014.12 220 彭俊华 26 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 6 国家科技支撑 计划 丹江口水源库区农业生态 恢复研究的植物品质、矿 质营养成分测定分析 2009.3-2011.12 10 李作洲 7 国家科技支撑 计划 高山林线植物秦岭冷杉遗 传多样性 2010.12-2012.9 10 叶其刚 8 行业性重大专 项 桃专用砧木及高效标准化 生产关键技术研究 2008.1-2010.12 30 李绍华 9 行业性重大专 项 含醌类地道中药材的测试 分析标准方法及标准物质 研制 2008.1-2011.12 200 袁 10 国家自然基金 中国山毛榉科锥属的分类 学修订 2008.1-2010.12 25 李建强 11 国家自然基金 千金藤属花形态发生与系 统发育研究 2008.1-2010.12 30 王恒昌 12 国家自然基金 濒危水韭属植物适应性遗 传变异与回归自然重建的 遗传管理 2008.11-2011.12 32 李作洲 13 国家自然基金 中国芒种质资源的分子遗 传多样性研究 2008.11-2011.12 30 彭俊华 14 国家自然基金 中国特有属濒危植物裸芸 香残存居群适应性的遗传 分化研究及居群杂交复壮 的遗传效应 2008.11-2011.12 30 叶其刚 15 国家自然基金 淫羊藿属植物基因组中转 座子重复序列的组成 2008.11-2011.12 20 陈建军 16 国家自然基金 中国猕猴桃属两个复合体 的分类学研究 2010.9-2011.12 8 李新伟 17 国家自然基金 孑遗植物桫椤的适应性种 群分化研究 2009.9-2012.12 30 王 18 国家自然基金 基于 SSR 遗传图谱的苹 果糖酸品质性状的基因定 位 2009.9-2012.12 26 韩月彭 19 国家自然基金 葡萄果实发育过程中香气 物质形成关键时期的研究 2009.9-2012.12 38 李绍华 20 国家自然基金 中国淫羊藿属的分类学研 究 2009.9-2012.12 19 张燕君 21 国家自然基金 中国高羊茅种质资源耐热 生理鉴定及分子遗传基础 研究 2010.9-2013.12 33 傅金民 22 国家自然基金 列当科植物叶绿体基因组 进化及其与寄生性的关系 2010.9-2013.12 32 李建强 23 国家自然基金 淫羊藿 A-E 类 MADS-box 基因与花型演化的关系 2010.9-2013.12 21 李志能 27 晓 艇 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 国家自然基金 缬草属植物雌花两性花同 株的适应意义研究 2010.9-2013.12 19 卢 25 国家自然基金 欧亚北美间断高山特征成 分山莓草属的扩散和分化 研究 2010.9-2013.12 34 王恒昌 26 国家自然基金 蓖子三尖杉种群遗传分化 中的气候和环境效应研究 2010.9-2013.12 32 王 27 国家自然基金 基于表达谱的山葡萄抗寒 调控研究 2010.9-2013.12 18 辛海平 国家自然基金 铁角蕨属不同生态型植物 隐花色素基因家族的适应 性进化研究 2010.9-2013.12 22 周 媛 29 国家自然基金 中国野生花苜蓿由大格局 到精密尺度格局的居群遗 传变异模式和生态适应性 进化初探 2010.9-2013.12 19 闫 娟 30 其他国家任务 优质耐贮黄肉猕猴桃新品 种"金艳"的产业化推广 2008.5-2010.4 50 钟彩虹 31 其他国家任务 青藏高原特殊生境下野生 植物种质资源的调查与保 存 2008.1-2012.12 60 李建强 32 国家科技基础 性工作专项重 点项目 非粮柴油能源植物与相关 微生物资源的调查、收集 与保存 2008.12-2013.11 42 彭俊华 33 其他国家任务 黄河上中游次生盐碱地农 业高效利用技术模式研究 与示范 2009.1-2013.12 20 傅金民 34 其他国家任务 东北野生猕猴桃保护、开 发和利用研究 2009.1-2013.12 68 王彦昌 35 其他国家任务 三种特有植物保护 2008.4-2012.12 1.5 杨 合计 --- --- --- 1513.5 --- 起止时间 经费 （万元） 负责人 24 28 洋 艇 波 3. 中科院创新专项和院专项 序号 项目名称 1 外籍特聘研究员计划 2009.12-2010.6 9.8 韩月彭 2 高光效微藻制备生物柴油的关键技术 研究 2009.6-2010.6 17 耿亚洪 3 能源和果树植物种质资源评价与新品 种选育 2007.9-2010.9 200 彭俊华 4 花青素代谢途径的分子调控及通量分 析 2007.10-2010.10 40 王 5 高效可持续利用能源作物芒草的研究、 2008.9-2010.12 30 李建强 28 瑛 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 开发和遗传改良 6 濒危植物种群遗传结构和分子系统发 育地理研究 2007.1-2010.12 173 王 7 中国特有经济植物野生居群基因流动 态及有益基因发掘 2007.8-2010.12 24 姚小洪 8 汶川地震灾后农业恢复与重建科技示 范 2008.10-2010.12 90 黄宏文 9 植物库源关系的气孔调控及抗氧化与 热耗散保护机制的研究 2008.4-2011.4 100 李绍华 10 草坪种质资源收集、评价与种质创新 2008.12-2011.12 200 傅金民 11 东亚特有濒危植物连香树的谱系地理 学研究 2009.1-2011.12 20 王恒昌 12 松叶蕨的种群遗传结构和分子系统发 育地理研究 2009.1-2011.12 20 王 13 植物园迁地保护濒危植物秤锤树的遗 传学风险评估与回归引种居群的科学 构建 2009.1-2011.12 30 姚小洪 14 中华大典.生物典.植物分类编纂 2010.1-2011.12 10 李建强 15 利用微藻生产生物柴油的研究 2009.1-2011.12 45 李夜光 16 猕猴桃和葡萄绿色生态产业化生产技 术集成研究与示范 2009.6-2012.6 100 钟彩虹 17 植物资源保护与可持续利用创新团队 2009.1-2013.12 50 李绍华 18 疏花水柏枝传粉生物学和遗传多样性 2009.9-2010.12 8 叶其刚 19 药用植物引种保育数据库 2010.1-2010.12 4.1 王 20 主要能源植物的能源性状综合评价 2008.9-2010.12 90 彭俊华 合计 --- --- 1260.9 --- 艇 艇 庆 4. 研究所自选项目 序号 项目名称 起止时间 1 中草药淫羊藿有效活性成分的数 量性状基因遗传定位 2007.11-2010.12 2 红肉猕猴桃果实成熟相关 SSH 库 的建立与呈色相关克隆筛选 2007.11-2010.12 3 战略植物种质资源的评价与新品 种选育 2007.9-2011.8 4 桃基因分布格局 5 经费 （万元） 负责人 10 李作洲 10 王彦昌 77 彭俊华 2007.1-2011.12 22 程中平 果树分子育种 2008.11-2011.12 77 韩月彭 6 野大豆起源、种群扩散模式和基 因组水平遗传多样性研究 2009.1-2011.12 10 周建峰 7 连香树的系统地理学研究 2010.1-2011.12 10 王恒昌 8 草坪种质资源收集、评价与种质 2009.1-2012.12 77 傅金民 29 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 创新 9 植物分典编纂 PP 2010.9-2013.9 20 李建强 10 资源植物繁殖生物学 2010.1-2013.9 77 杨平仿 11 天然药物生物合成学 2010.1-2013.9 77 章焰生 合计 --- --- 467 --- 5. 其他横向委托项目 类别 1 地方任务 北京平谷区葡萄项目 2007.12-2010.12 15 李绍华 2 地方任务 萝卜雄性不育恢复基因座 紧密连锁分子标记的开发 2008.1-2010.12 5 汪志伟 3 地方任务 萝卜 CMS 新恢复基因座的 精细定位及候选基因克隆 2009.1-2010.12 2 汪志伟 4 地方任务 中国芒种质资源调查、收集 及其数据库平台的建立 2009.1-2011.12 6 赵 地方任务 生物质能源树种油桐优异 种质资源的筛选与利用研 究 2009.1-2011.12 20 彭俊华 6 地方任务 药用植物滛羊霍的遗传和 化学成分多样性及可持续 利用 2009.1-2011.12 20 王 瑛 7 地方任务 莲藕的叶绿体基因组学研 究 2009.1-2012.12 3 王 艇 8 地方任务 MYB 及其结构域对菊花花 青素合成影响的研究 2010.1-2012.12 6 李志能 9 地方任务 中国外来入侵植物志 2010.6-2013.12 12 陈 10 地方任务 猕猴桃及板栗品种推广与 示范技术研究 2009.1-2013.12 15 程中平 11 地方任务 东湖植物资源调查与利用 2008.1-2014.12 15 程中平 12 地方任务 红球藻产业化生产及产品 质量标准研究 2007.6-2010.12 40 李夜光 13 企业委托 适于内陆淡水充足地区养 殖的产油微藻的筛选 2010.9-2013.9 55 耿亚洪 14 企业委托 植物育种 2007.9-2010.9 45 王 庆 15 企业委托 栀子综合开发利用研究 2007.9-2010.12 20 袁 晓 16 企业委托 猕猴桃品种开发及培育技 术转让 2008.11-2011.12 58 钟彩虹 17 企业委托 细梗胡枝子规范种植 2010.1-2011.12 10 王 庆 18 企业委托 泰州重要中药材选育及高 通量筛选研发 2008.11-2012.12 30 王 庆 19 企业委托 微藻生物柴油成套技术开 2010.1-2012.12 420 李夜光 5 项目名称 起止时间 经费 序号 30 （万元） 负责人 华 丽 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 发 20 企业委托 特种功能蔬菜推广种植 2010.10-2013.9 35 王 21 企业委托 合作建设成都猕猴桃资源 基因库 2009.8-2014.8 120 钟彩虹 22 企业委托 红球藻中试及规模化养殖 2006.11-2016.11 58 李夜光 23 企业委托 螺旋藻技术优化 2004.12-2019.12 300 李夜光 24 企业委托 花山植被调查 2009.12-2012.12 1 李晓东 25 其他 湖北省蕨类多样性评价 2010.1-2010.12 2.7 李建强 合计 --- --- --- 1313.7 --- 31 瑛 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 附录二 科研产出 1. 发表论文情况 1) Han YP, Vimolmangkang S, Soria-Guerra R E, Rosales-Mendoza S, Zheng DM, Anatoli V. Lygin, Schuyler S. Korban. Ectopic expression of apple F3′H genes contributes to anthocyanin accumulation in the arabidopsis tt7 Mutant grown under nitrogen stress. Plant Physiology 2010, 153 (2): 806-820. 2) Han YP, Korban SS. Strategies for map-based cloning in apple. Critical Reviews in Plant Science 2010, 29: 265-284. 3) Chi F, Yang PF, Han F, Jing YX, Shen SH. Proteomic analysis of rice seedlings infected by Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. Proteomics 2010, 10:1861-1874. 4) Wang LJ, Fan L, Loescher W, Duan W, Liu GJ, Cheng JS, Luo HB, Li SH. Salicylic acid alleviates decreases in photosynthesis under heat stress and accelerates recovery in grapevine leaves. BMC Plant Biology 2010, 10: 34. 5) Zeng SH, Xiao G, Guo J, Fei ZJ, Xu YQ, Roe BA, Wang Y. Development of a EST dataset and characterization of EST-SSRs in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim. BMC Genomics 2010, 11(94): 1471-2164. 6) Guo J, Wang YS, Song C, Zhou JF, Qiu LJ, Huang HW, Wang Y. A single origin and moderate bottleneck during domestication of soybean (Glycine max): implications from microsatellites and nucleotide sequences. Annals of Botany 2010, 106: 505-514. 7) Shi T, Huang HW, Barker MS. Ancient genome duplications during the evolution of kiwifruit (Actinidia) and related Ericales. Annals of Botany 2010, 106: 497-504. 8) Cai Y, Sun DK, Wu GJ, Peng JH. ISSR-based genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas germplasm in China. Biomass and Bioenergy 2010, 3 4 (12): 1739-1750. 9) Liu W, Liu CY, Yang CX, Wang LJ, Li SH. Effect of grape genotype and tissue type on callus growth and production of resveratrols and their piceids after UV-C irradiation. Food Chemistry 2010, 122: 475-481. 10) Su YJ, W T, Deng F. Population genetic variation, differentiation and bottlenecks of Dacrydium pectinatum (Podocarpaceae) in Hainan Island, China: implications for its conservation. Australian Journal of Botany 2010, 58: 318-326. IF:1.868 11) Zhang L, Li ZZ, Wang YC, Jiang ZW, Wang SM, Huang HW. Vitamin C, flower color and ploidy variation of hybrids from a ploidy-unbalanced Actinidia interspecific cross and SSR characterization. Euphytica 2010, 175: 133-143. 32 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 12) Zhang JJ, Ye QG, Yao XH, Huang HW. Microsatellite diversity and mating system of Sinojackia xylocarpa (Styracaceae), a species extinct in the wild. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2010, 38: 154-159. 13) Su YJ, Wang T, Deng F. Contrasting genetic variation and differentiation on Hainan Island and the Chinese mainland populations of Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Podocarpaceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2010, 38: 576-584. 14) Fu JM, Huang BR, Fry J. Osmotic potential, sucrose Level, and activity of sucrose metabolic enzymes in Tall Fescue in response to deficit irrigation. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2010, 135(6): 1-5. 15) Gao L, Su YJ, Wang T. Plastid genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and phylogenomics: Current status and prospects. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010, 48 (2): 77-93. 16) Chen L, Li XW, Zhang JB, Li JQ. Castanopsis malipoensis and C. jinpingensis(fagaceae), two new species from Yunnan, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 2010, 47: 301-305. 17) 褚晓玲, 杨波, 高丽, 李洪林, 胡磊, 杨娜. 蕙兰根内可培养细菌的物种多样 性. 武汉植物学研究, 2010, 28 (2 ) : 199-205 18) 黄文俊, 王瑛. 一种高效低背景 T 载体的构建. 中国生物工程杂志, 2010, 30(12)：60-65 19) 李惠英，娄燕宏，胡涛，傅金民. 中国高羊茅种质资源遗传多样性的 RAPD 分析. 草业学报, 2010, 19(6): 208-214 20) 欧阳峥嵘，温小斌，耿亚红，梅洪，胡鸿钧，张桂艳，李夜光. 光照强度、 温度、pH、盐度对小球藻(Chlorella)光合作用的影响. 武汉植物学研究, 2010, 28 (1) : 49-55 21) 宋驰, 王瑛. 番茄和桃基因组的微同线性研究. 遗传, 2010, 32(9): 966-973 22) 邢冲, 姚小洪, 黄宏文. 巴东木莲核基因组微卫星位点分离的初步研究. 武 汉植物学研究, 2010, 28 (1 ) : 76 -80 23) 徐艳琴, 陈建军, 葛菲, 刘小丽, 王瑛.淫羊藿药材质量评价研究现状与思考. 中草药, 2010, 41(4): 661-666 24) 殷照东，赵子恩，程中平，刘小祥，王章利. 武汉东湖生态旅游风景区植物 资源现状及其类型.长江流域资源与环境, 2010, 19 (2): 40-47 25) 张景博，李晓东，李建强. 中国薹草属黑穗薹草组的数量分类研究. 武汉植 物学研究, 2010, 28（3） ：279-285 2. 著作 33 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 1) Li Jianqiang, Sun Hang, Roger M. Polhill, Michael G. Gilbert. 2010. Fabaceae,Pp.105-117, in Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds. Flora of China. Vol. 10. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. 2) 黄宏文，姜正旺，钟彩虹等. 猕猴桃研究进展，科学出版社，2010. 3. 获奖 序号 1 2 成果名称 获奖类别 孓遗植物桫椤和黑桫椤的种群遗传 广东省科技 结构和分子系统发育地理研究 进步奖 孓遗植物桫椤和黑桫椤的种群遗传 结构和分子系统发育地理研究 广州市科技 进步奖 等级 主要完成人 三等奖 王艇等 三等奖 王艇等 4. 专利 获授权专利 4 项： 1) 一种环保轻便型喷雾机（专利号：ZL 200920087094.5，傅金民） 2) 一种植物小桐子杀虫剂的制备方法（专利号 ZL 200810048161.2， 袁晓、袁 萍） 3) 一种环形猕猴桃花粉勺拨撒器（专利号: ZL 200920086766.0，徐丽云、 黄宏 文、钟彩虹、王圣梅） 4) 板栗育苗的方法（专利号：ZL 200810046752.6,程中平、陈旭中、黄汉全） 申报专利 9 项： 1) 一种超声波辅助提取桐油的方法（申请号 201010237998.9，彭俊华、陈英明、 陈晓东） 2) 油桐油酸脱氢酶基因突变体 SNP232 及其获得方法（申请号 201010579087.4， 彭俊华、任景） 3) 油桐油酸脱氢酶基因突变体 SNP997 及其获得方法（申请号 201010579060.5， 彭俊华、任景） 4) 盐碱地草坪种植方法（申请号 201010162864.5，傅金民、娄燕宏） 5) 一种营养型盐碱地土壤改良的方法（申请号 201010160226.X，傅金民、娄燕 宏） 6) 水蕨抗人类免疫缺陷病毒蛋白同源物的基因及制备方法和应用（申请号： 201010140202.8，齐小琼、苏应娟、王艇、杨永霞） 7) 一种授粉袋及制备方法（申请号: 201010553761.1，程中平） 34 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 8) 一种野外植物引种便携式包装方法（申请号: 201010614470.9，徐丽云、黄宏 文、钟彩虹、王圣梅、龚俊杰、姜正旺） 9) 一 种 将 猕 猴 桃 果 子 冷 藏 后 促 进 种 子 快 速 萌 芽 的 方 法 （ 申 请 号 : 201010614519.0，徐丽云、黄宏文、钟彩虹、王圣梅、龚俊杰、姜正旺） 5. 成果鉴定 “五种特种蔬菜的品种选育、栽培技术和应用研究”获 2010 年武汉市科技成果 登记。 35 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 附录三 人员信息 1. 第一届学术委员会 姓 名 职 称 工作单位 室内职务 傅廷栋 教授、院士 华中农业大学 名誉主任 邓秀新 教授、院士 华中农业大学 主任 彭良才 教授、长江学者 华中农业大学 委员 匡汉晖 教授、长江学者 华中农业大学 委员 戴思兰 教授 北京林业大学 委员 何光源 教授 华中科技大学 委员 张本刚 研究员 中国医学科学院 委员 丁文军 教授 中国科学院研究生院 委员 李来庚 研究员 中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所 委员 吴国江 研究员 中国科学院华南植物园 委员 陈 凡 研究员 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 委员 何舜平 研究员 中国科学院水生生物研究所 委员 李绍华 研究员 中国科学院武汉植物园 委员 张全发 研究员 中国科学院武汉植物园 委员 彭俊华 研究员 中国科学院武汉植物园 委员 王 瑛 研究员 中国科学院武汉植物园 委员 王 艇 研究员 中国科学院武汉植物园 委员 傅金民 研究员 中国科学院武汉植物园 委员 姚小洪 副研究员 中国科学院武汉植物园 秘书 2. 重点实验室固定人员名单 序 号 姓名 性 出生 别 年月 最后 专业 学位 职 务 重点实验 职称 性质 研究员 研究 1 李绍华 男 1957.9 园艺园林 博士 2 黄宏文 男 1957.1 园艺学 博士 研究员 研究 3 王 瑛 女 1973.10 植物遗传学 博士 研究员 研究 4 彭俊华 男 1962.9 研究员 研究 5 傅金民 男 1961.12 园艺学 博士 研究员 研究 6 王 男 1969.3 生物化学 博士 研究员 研究 艇 植物分子遗传 学 36 博士 室主任 重点实验 室副主任 重点实验 室副主任 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 7 韩月彭 男 1968.11 作物遗传育种 博士 研究员 研究 8 李夜光 男 1962.5 植物学 硕士 研究员 研究 9 李建强 男 1954.11 植物学 博士 研究员 研究 10 杨平仿 男 1975.7 博士 研究员 研究 11 章焰生 男 1972.12 植物学 博士 研究员 研究 12 程中平 男 1963.9 植物学 博士 研究员 研究 13 王 庆 女 1955.10 药学 学士 研究员 研究 14 杨 波 女 1959.6 园艺学 学士 研究员 研究 15 王恒昌 男 1967.3 植物学 博士 研究员 研究 16 李晓东 男 1966.11 植物学 博士 副研究员 研究 17 袁 晓 男 1962.7 园艺学 硕士 副研究员 研究 18 叶其刚 男 1968.10 植物学 硕士 副研究员 研究 19 王彦昌 男 1973..9 农学 博士 副研究员 研究 20 李作洲 男 1967.5 植物学 博士 副研究员 研究 21 姚小洪 男 1975.11 植物学 博士 副研究员 研究 22 钟彩虹 女 1968.2 植物学 硕士 副研究员 研究 23 汪 念 男 1982.1 发育生物学 博士 副研究员 研究 24 汪志伟 男 1978.12 种群遗传学 博士 副研究员 研究 25 姜正旺 男 1965.6 果树学 学士 副研究员 研究 26 陈 丽 女 1982.10 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 27 张燕君 女 1980.9 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 28 李新伟 男 1974.10 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 29 陈建军 男 1979.12 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 30 高 磊 男 1981.5 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 31 李惠英 女 1977.3 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 32 周 莹 女 1981.6 分子生物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 33 胡龙兴 男 1982.7 园艺学 博士 助理研究员 研究 34 王 坤 男 1981.12 遗传学 博士 助理研究员 研究 35 潘 磊 男 1980.12 遗传学 博士 助理研究员 研究 36 黎 佳 女 1982.2 微生物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 37 卢 洋 男 1981.7 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 38 李志能 男 1980.2 博士 助理研究员 研究 植物蛋白质组 学 园林植物与观 赏园艺 37 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 39 赵 华 女 1980.11 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 40 梅 洪 女 1979.12 水生生物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 41 陈媛媛 女 1977.2 分子生态 博士 助理研究员 研究 42 闫 娟 女 1982.10 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 43 李大卫 男 1983.5 植物学 博士 助理研究员 研究 44 袁 萍 女 1956.4 高级实验师 技术 45 耿亚洪 女 1962.6 经济管理学 本科 高级实验师 技术 46 李长福 女 1971.12 昆虫学 硕士 工程师 技术 47 梁 女 1975.5 植物学 硕士 处长 管理 琼 3. 重要人才情况 序号 人员姓名 荣誉称号 获得年份 1 李绍华 中国科学院“百人计划” 2003 年 2 王 瑛 中国科学院“百人计划” 2004 年 3 王 艇 中国科学院“百人计划” 2005 年 4 彭俊华 中国科学院“百人计划” 2007 年 5 韩月彭 中国科学院“百人计划” 2008 年 6 傅金民 中国科学院“百人计划” 2008 年 7 杨平仿 中国科学院“百人计划” 2010 年 8 章焰生 中国科学院“百人计划” 2010 年 4. 国内外学术组织任职情况 序号 姓名 学术组织名称 职务 任职时间 1 李绍华 国际生物多样性计划中国委员会 委员 2010-2014 中国科学院生物多样性委员会 委员 2010-2014 湖北省植物学会、武汉市植物学会 理事长 第 8 届，2008 13 届、14 届 中国植物学会理事 2 黄宏文 理事会理事 2008-2013 中国植物学会植物园分会 副理事长 2008 中国园艺学会 常务理事 2005，2009 中国园艺学会桃分会 常务理事 2005，2009 中国农学会葡萄分会 常务理事 2006,2009 中国园艺学会李杏分会 副理事长 2001,2005,2009 北京市果树学会 常务理事 2005.10 东亚植物园网络 中国协调员 2007 东亚植物园网络 总协调员 2005-2007 主任 2005 中国科学院植物园工作委员会 38 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 国际植物园保护联盟(BGCI)，国际 委员 2004 副主任 2002 中国园艺学会猕猴桃分会 会长 2002 国际园艺学会猕猴桃工作委员会 主席 1998-2002 中国植物学会 常务理事 1998 湖北省园艺学会 常务理事 1998 指导委员会 中国科学院植物园网络科学指导 委员会 核心专家组 美洲栗基金会 3 4 5 王 瑛 彭俊华 王 艇 中国植物学会植物药和药用植物 专业委员会 副主任 湖北省植物学会 理事 湖北省细胞生物学会 理事 湖北省林学会 副理事长 2009- 湖北省植物学会 常务理事 2009- 中国植物学会植物分类与系统进 化专业委员会 中国花卉协会蕨类植物分会第四 届理事会 6 韩月彭 湖北省遗传学会 7 李夜光 中国藻类学会 委员 理事 理事 常务理事 2007-2011 副秘书长 中国海洋湖沼学会 2008-2012 理事 中国植物学会植物分类与系统演 8 李建强 9 程中平 武汉林学会 常务理事 10 王 中国植物学会药用植物学会 专家委员 11 李晓东 庆 1996 成员 化专业委员会 国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）物种保 副主任 2006 2006 专家组成员 护专业委员会 5. 国内外学术期刊任职情况 序号 姓名 1 李绍华 2 彭俊华 学术期刊名称 职 务 任职时间 Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 编委 《园艺学报》 副主编 2006- 《果树科学》 副主编 2006- 《植物科学学报》 主编 2010- Journal of Genetics and Genomics 编辑 2009 Agriculture Sciences 编辑 2010 39 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 3 傅金民 Ecotoxicology 4 王 Frontiers of Biology in China 5 6 艇 韩月彭 李建强 编委 客座编辑 《生物多样性》 编委 Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 副编辑 Canadian Journal of Plant Science 编辑 《植物分类学报》 编委 40 2010- 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 附录四 人才培养 1. 2010 年毕业研究生学位和论文情况 序号 导师 答辩人 学位 论文题目 1 闫 娟 博士 李建强 2 陈 丽 博士 李建强 中国壳斗科锥属植物分类学研究 3 李 丽 博士 黄宏文 三种药用木通属植物的居群遗传学研究 4 李大卫 博士 黄宏文 5 张 蕾 博士 黄宏文 6 曾少华 博士 王 瑛 7 郭 娟 博士 王 瑛 8 齐小琼 博士 王 艇 9 陈 洁 硕士 王 艇 10 张丽君 硕士 王 艇 11 曾丽萍 硕士 王 瑛 12 胡 营 硕士 李建强 13 张景博 硕士 李建强 14 蔡 郁 硕士 彭俊华 15 胡 磊 硕士 杨 16 杨 慧 硕士 李作洲 姓名 波 中国野生天蓝苜蓿与花苜蓿居群遗传多样性研 究 中华猕猴桃复合体倍性变异、遗传多样性和杂交 渐渗研究 猕猴桃属(Actinidia)三个种内种间杂交后代群体 性状分离规律的研究 箭叶淫羊藿 EST 开发利用及类黄酮代谢相关基 因的克隆分析 基于微卫星分子标记的栽培大豆驯化起源分析 以及野生大豆的系统地理学研究 水蕨 CVNH 基因和血红蛋白基因的克隆及其基 因家族的分子进化研究 蕨类植物 rbcL、atpB 和 accD 基因的适应性进化 研究 蕨类植物叶绿体 rps4 基因和 PHY 基因 GAF 结构 域的适应性进化研究 箭叶淫羊藿及近缘种的类胡萝卜素含量的测定 及类胡萝卜素合成途径基因的克隆分析 花苜蓿四个居群的叶片结构对不同水分处理的 响应研究 中国薹草属黑穗薹草组数量分类学及植物地理 学研究 基于 ISSR 和 SSR 的中国麻风树种质资源遗传多 样性研究 兰科植物内生细菌生物学作用初步研究及花榈 木微卫星引物开发 水韭植物迁地保护与回归重建的遗传管理策略 41 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 17 张桂艳 硕士 李夜光 18 付丹丹 硕士 黄宏文 19 杨 俊 硕士 20 殷照东 硕士 黄宏文 王彦昌 黄宏文 程中平 重要理化因子对小球藻生长和产油影响的研究 典型常绿阔叶林三种栲属植物同域分布自然居 群的遗传多样性研究 红阳猕猴桃 DFR 基因的克隆和表达分析 东湖生态旅游风景区植物资源调查与评价 2. 在读博士后：陈英明（指导教师：彭俊华） 刘 莉（指导教师：傅金民） 3. 在读博士研究生 年级 姓 2005 楚海家 2007 2008 2009 名 导师 年级 导师 姓 名 李建强 梁 燕 彭俊华 黄文俊 王 瑛 朱婷婷 彭俊华 宋 驰 王 瑛 刘 迪 王 瑛 森 林 王 艇 王淑慧 王 瑛 向巧彦 王 瑛 张 琼 韩月彭 梁 琼 黄宏文 梁 芳 李夜光 钟彩虹 黄宏文 陈 莎 李绍华 李峰奇 彭俊华 胡 蝶 李建强 张紫刚 李建强 肖 贡 王 瑛 周 银 王 瑛 易 轩 王 艇 姓名 专业 2009 植物学 2010 姓名 胡伟明 王 杨爱红 黄宏文 张玲玲 彭俊华 程 钧 韩月彭 博 王 植物学 瑛 李吉涛 李绍华 王 石 涛 黄宏文 温小斌 李夜光 李文彬 黄宏文 李兆波 章焰生 胡 傅金民 姓 导师 姓名 涛 专业 艇 4. 在读硕士研究生 年级 2008 名 导师 姓名 陈金金 彭俊华 刘谊兰 王 周 锦 黄宏文 廖 利 李作洲 姓 瑛 专业 年级 植物学 2009 2010 42 名 专业 朱奉霞 杨 方林川 李绍华 阮咏梅 叶其刚 园林植物 与观赏园 艺 生态学 潘 彭俊华 植物学 越 波 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 2009 邱 蓉 程中平 余江艳 彭俊华 杨 娜 杨 刘 李建强 张 亮 王彦昌 廖思红 王 张 洋 叶其刚 刘 磊 黄宏文 祝 铭 李建强 李 佳 王 王 博 彭俊华 邓 娇 杨平仿 戴李菁 彭俊华 尹小建 杨平仿 黄泽辉 傅金民 张 丹 李夜光 张萍萍 傅金民 朱晓艳 李夜光 刘永亮 王 瑛 江丽丽 李夜光 魏国燕 王 瑛 李 倩 章焰生 饶静云 黄宏文 孙志强 章焰生 颜 菱 黄宏文 项 悦 李绍华 许 可 王 谢 燕 傅金民 周 晖 韩月彭 郭慧娟 傅金民 马娟娟 韩月彭 马百全 韩月彭 江丽丽 李夜光 祝 为 李绍华 罗曼曼 李晓东 罗宏基 傅金民 袁 珊 王恒昌 韩艳妮 韩月彭 韩 超 杨平仿 波 艇 洁 瑛 艇 园林植物 与观赏园 艺 生物 工程 5. 2010 研究生获奖一览表 序号 获奖名称 获奖人员 指导教师 1 院长优秀奖 曾少华 王 瑛 2 地奥二等奖学金 郭 王 瑛 3 院优秀博士论文提名奖 张燕君 李建强 4 昌华奖学金优秀奖 石 涛 黄宏文 5 院 “三好学生标兵” 闫 娟 李建强 6 院“三好学生” 曾丽萍 王 7 院“三好学生” 张玲玲 彭俊华 8 院“三好学生” 齐小琼 王 艇 9 院“三好学生” 张丽君 王 艇 10 院“三好学生” 王 博 王 艇 11 院“三好学生” 陈 洁 王 艇 12 院“三好学生” 杨爱红 黄宏文 13 院“三好学生” 张 蕾 黄宏文 14 院“三好学生” 付丹丹 黄宏文 15 院“优秀学生干部” 廖 李作洲 43 娟 利 瑛 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 附录五 合作与交流 1. 出访项目 8 月 13 日-16 日，应“第十届国际葡萄遗传与育种会议”组委会的邀请，李 绍华研究员赴美国参加会议，会议上通过决定，李绍华研究员将是 2014 年在中 国召开的“第十届届国际葡萄遗传与育种会议”大会主席。 9 月 11 日-16 日，应“第七届国际猕猴桃学术会议”组委会的邀请，黄宏文 研究员率队赴意大利参加会议，会议上通过决定，黄宏文研究员将是 2014 年在 中国召开的“第八届国际猕猴桃学术会议”大会主席，同时在会上，黄宏文研究 员获“为世界猴桃桃产业做出具大贡献奖”的荣誉。 11 月 18 日-19 日，应“第二届国际农业蛋白质组学前沿研讨会”组委会邀 请，杨平仿研究员赴日本筑波市参加研讨会，并作了题为“利用蛋白质组学研究 植物种子萌发机理”的学术报告。 2. 来访项目 4 月 25 日-26 日，美国密西根州立大学桑涛教授应邀访问武汉植物园。 5 月 31 日，加拿大 Bioriginal Food & Science Corp 吴国海博士前来进行学术 交流，并被聘为客座教授。 6 月 17 日，应章焰生研究员的邀请，美国密苏里丹福斯植物科学中心 Oliver Yu 教授来武汉植物园进行学术交流，并被聘请为客座教授。 6 月 18 日，应彭俊华研究员的邀请，美国 Montana State University 的 Huang Li 博士和四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所的彭云良研究员来武汉植物园进行 学术交流，同时被聘请为客座教授。 6 月 28 日-29 日，应王瑛研究员的邀请，美国肯塔基大学袁凌教授来武汉植 物园进行学术交流，并被聘请为客座教授。 7 月 1 日-2 日，应李建强研究员的邀请，美国密歇根州立大学教授桑涛博士 和美国纽约州立大学生物系朱伟兴博士来武汉植物园进行学术交流。 8 月 13 日-15 日，应彭俊华研究员的邀请，国际著名遗传学家、以色列海法 大学进化研究所所长 A. B. Korol 教授到武汉植物园进行学术交流。 8 月 18 日，应彭俊华研究员的邀请，世界著名进化生物学家、美国科学院 和乌克兰科学院院士、以色列海法大学进化研究所创始人 Eviatar Nevo 教授到武 汉植物园进行学术交流，并被聘请为客座教授。 9 月 28 日-10 月 18 日， 应李绍华研究员的邀请，罗马尼亚科学院 Mihai Raluca Alexandra 博士生来到重点实验室，就葡萄组培和分子生物学等研究进行学术交 流。 44 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 10 月 15 日，应李绍华研究员的邀请，美国内华达大学 Grant R Cramer 教授 到重点实验室，就葡萄系统生物学研究进行学术交流。 10 月 15 日，应李绍华研究员的邀请，法国波尔多大学 Serge Delrot 教授到 重点实验室，就葡萄分子生物学研究进行学术交流。 11 月 12 日，应李绍华研究员的邀请，美国康奈尔大学园艺系 James J. Giovannoni 教授和 Fei zhangjun 博士到重点实验室，就生物信息学研究方法进行 了学术交流。 3. 学术活动 序号 日期 报告人 报告人单位 1 4 月 16 日 程来亮 美国康奈尔大学园艺系 Susan E. 新西兰植物和食品研究 Gardiner 所 黄炳茹 美国 Rutgers University 2 3 4 月 21 日 5 月 19 日 报告题目 果树果实中山梨醇代谢途径 的研究 Whole Genome Sequencing of Malus × domestica ‘Golden Delicious’ 草坪草抗逆机制与调控 Stepwise Metabolic 4 5 月 31 日 吴国海 加拿大 Bioriginal Food & Science Corp Engineering to Produce High Yields of Very-long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in B. juncea 5 5 月 31 日 Greg Reighard 6 6 月 18 日 Huang Li 7 6 月 18 日 彭云良 Molecular and traditional approaches to developing new 美国 Clemson 大学 peach rootstocks and varieties 美 国 Montana State Finding hidden rust resistance University in wheat 四川省农业科学院植物 四川小麦条锈病遗传防控和 保护研究所 研究 Basic Principles and applications of plant 8 6 月 28 日-29 日 biotechnology；Gene 袁 凌 美国肯塔基大学 regulation of a pathway for the production of a class of anticancer drugs；Directed protein evolution；Functionally 45 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 characterizing transcription factors Lc (R) from Maize 9 7月2日 朱伟兴 10 7 月 16 日 顾继东 美国纽约州立大学生物 Nitrogen Biogeochemistry and 系 Ecosystem Processes 香港大学生态学与生物 What is new in the nitrogen 多样性系 cycle? Mapping the genome: 11 8 月 14 日-15 日 Abraham B. Korol Building multilocus maps and 以色列海法大学进化研 physical mapping；QTL 究所 mapping: Linkage-based analysis and association mapping Evolutionary Adaptation and 12 8 月 18 日 Eviatar 以色列海法大学进化研 Speciation under Nevo 究所 Environmental Stress at Macro- and Micro-scales Identification and Functional Analysis of Proteins 13 9月2日 张训忠 美国弗吉尼亚理工大学 Associated with Drought Tolerance in C3 and C4 Perennial Grasses 14 15 10 月 18 日 11 月 27 日 Zhong 在美国农业部农业研究 Ganyuan 服务中心 Jitao Zou 16 12 月 10 日 熊立仲 17 12 月 17 日 朱英国 美国葡萄产业研究进展 加拿大 Plant Dissecting the functional signi biotechnology institute, ficance of Acyltransferase in National Research Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis Council in Seeds 华中农业大学生命科学 水稻抗旱基因发掘、鉴定和 技术学院 利用 武汉大学生命科学学院 粮食安全与杂交水稻 46 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 4. 实验室 2010 年开放课题（经费单位：万元） 序 号 课题名称 起止 总经 年度 时间 费 经费 2011.1-2012.12 3 2 陈炯炯 2011.1-2012.12 3 2 郑丹曼 2011.1-2012.12 3 2 付春华 2011.1-2012.12 3 2 徐庆国 负责人 依托 学科组 禾本科抗病基因的综 1 合分布图的构建及禾 本科不同抗病基因家 植物应用基 因组学 族的进化规律的研究 苹果 MdMYB10 同源 2 基因的克隆与功能鉴 定研究 3 金银花中绿原酸生物 合成与转化机理研究 节水常绿草坪种质筛 4 选及温度胁迫抗性机 理研究 47 果树分子育 种学 天然药物生 物合成学 草坪种质资 源学 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 附录六 仪器设备 序号 资产名称 型号规格 价格（万元） 数量 1 PCR mastercycle5333 9.4 7 2 核酸提取仪 Fastprep220 6.9 1 3 超纯水系统 Millipore 5.5 2 4 显微镜 奥林巴斯 11.4 3 5 紫外分光光度计 PE-LAMBDA45 18.4 1 6 果实色度仪 美能达 CR-300 6.8 1 7 凝胶成像仪 ALPHA-IS2200 10.9 2 8 测序电泳仪 165-3804 6.6 2 9 梯度 PCR 仪 5.6 2 10 电泳仪 6.1 2 11 超高速离心机 22.1 1 12 冷冻离心机 11.1 5 13 离心机 6.1 2 14 兰花岛喷雾系统 7.1 1 15 液相色谱质谱仪 148 1 16 稳定同位素质谱仪 Delta V Advantage 176 1 17 电感耦合等离子质谱仪 X Series 2 ICP-MS 140 1 18 便携式光合作用仪 LI-6400 XTP 29 1 19 便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪 PAM-2500 29 1 附录七 TSQ Quantum Access MAX 论文选编 48 Ectopic Expression of Apple F3#H Genes Contributes to Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Arabidopsis tt7 Mutant Grown Under Nitrogen Stress1[C][W][OA] Yuepeng Han, Sornkanok Vimolmangkang, Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra2, Sergio Rosales-Mendoza2, Danman Zheng, Anatoli V. Lygin, and Schuyler S. Korban* Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Moshan, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China (Y.H.); and Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences (S.V., R.E.S.-G., S.R.-M., D.Z., S.S.K.) and Department of Crop Sciences (A.V.L.), University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Three genes encoding flavonoid 3#-hydroxylase (F3#H) in apple (Malus 3 domestica), designated MdF3#HI, MdF3#HIIa, and MdF3#HIIb, have been identified. MdF3#HIIa and MdF3#HIIb are almost identical in amino acid sequences, and they are allelic, whereas MdF3#HI has 91% nucleotide sequence identity in the coding region to both MdF3#HIIa and MdF3#HIIb. MdF3#HI and MdF3#HII genes are mapped onto linkage groups 14 and 6, respectively, of the apple genome. Throughout the development of apple fruit, transcriptional levels of MdF3#H genes along with other anthocyanin biosynthesis genes are higher in the redskinned cv Red Delicious than that in the yellow-skinned cv Golden Delicious. Moreover, patterns of MdF3#H gene expression correspond to accumulation patterns of flavonoids in apple fruit. These findings suggest that MdF3#H genes are coordinately expressed with other genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple. The functionality of these apple F3#H genes has been demonstrated via their ectopic expression in both the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transparent testa7-1 (tt7) mutant and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). When grown under nitrogen-deficient conditions, transgenic Arabidopsis tt7 seedlings expressing apple F3#H regained red color pigmentation and significantly accumulated both 4#-hydrylated pelargonidin and 3#,4#-hydrylated cyanidin. When compared with wild-type plants, flowers of transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing apple F3#H genes exhibited enhanced red color pigmentation. This suggests that the F3#H enzyme may coordinately interact with other flavonoid enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Flavonoids are ubiquitous secondary metabolites in higher plants and play important roles in myriad activities, such as protecting plants from UV radiation and pathogen infection, providing flowers and seeds with pigmentation to attract pollinators and seed dispersers, and reducing the risk of oxidative damage to human health (Regan et al., 2001; Schaefer et al., 2004; Veeriah et al., 2006). Flavonoids consist mainly of anthocyanins, chalcone, flavone, flavonol, flavanone, 1 This work was supported by the Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research (grant no. 06I–003–3–SEN) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Plant Genome Program (project no. 2005–35300–15538). 2 Present address: Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosı́, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico. * Corresponding author; e-mail korban@illinois.edu. The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Schuyler S. Korban (korban@illinois.edu). [C] Some figures in this article are displayed in color online but in black and white in the print edition. [W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data. [OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription. www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.109.152801 806 and isoflavonoids. Of these flavonoid molecules, anthocyanins are broadly distributed in flowering plants and predominantly contribute to both flower and fruit colors. The biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins has been well established in different plants, including petunia (Petunia hybrida), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), and maize (Zea mays; Holton and Cornish, 1995; Winkel-Shirley, 2001; Grotewold, 2006). Briefly, the biosynthesis of anthocyanins begins with the condensation of malonyl-CoA with 4-coumaroyl-CoA, leading to the formation of naringenin chalcone (Fig. 1), and this reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme chalcone synthase (CHS). The chalcone is subsequently converted into naringenin by chalcone flavanone isomerase (CHI). Naringenin is then hydroxylated, at the 3# position of the central ring, by flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) to produce dihydrokaempferol (DHK). DHK can be further hydroxylated at the 3# position or at both 3# and 5# positions of the B-ring to produce dihydroquercetin and dihydromyricetin, respectively. DHK, dihydroquercetin, and dihydromyricetin generally lead to the production of the brick-red/orange pelargonidin-, red/pink cyanidin-, and blue/violet delphinidin-based pigments, respectively (Grotewold, 2006). Therefore, the hydroxylation pattern plays an important role in coloration. Moreover, the hydroxylation pattern is also an important deter- Plant PhysiologyÒ, June 2010, Vol. 153, pp. 806–820, www.plantphysiol.org Ó 2010 American Society of Plant Biologists Proteomics 2010, 10, 1861–1874 1861 DOI 10.1002/pmic.200900694 RESEARCH ARTICLE Proteomic analysis of rice seedlings infected by Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 Feng Chi1, Pingfang Yang2, Feng Han1, Yuxiang Jing1 and Shihua Shen1 1 The Research and Development Center for Energy Plants, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China 2 Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Moshan, Wuhan, P. R. China Rhizobial endophytes infect and colonize not only leguminous plants, but several nonleguminous species as well. Using green fluorescent protein tagging technique, it has been shown that Rhizobia infect different varieties of rice species and migrate from plant roots to aerial tissues such as leaf sheaths and leaves. The interaction between them was found to promote the growth of rice. The growth promotion is the cumulative result of enhanced photosynthesis and stress resistance. In addition, indole-3-acetic acid also contributes to the promotion. Gel-based comparative proteomic approaches were applied to analyze the protein profiles of three different tissues (root, leaf sheath and leaf) of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 inoculated rice in order to get an understanding about the molecular mechanism. Upon the inoculation of rhizobia, proteins involved in nine different functional categories were either up-regulated or down-regulated. Photosynthesis related proteins were up-regulated only in leaf sheath and leaf, while the up-regulated proteins in root were exclusively defense related. The results implied that there might have been an increase in the import and transport of proteins involved in light and dark reactions to the chloroplast as well as more efficient distribution of nutrients, hence enhanced photosynthesis. Although the initiation of defensive reactions mainly occurred in roots, some different defense mechanisms were also evoked in the aerial tissues. Received: October 10, 2009 Revised: February 1, 2010 Accepted: February 8, 2010 Keywords: 2-DE / Infection / MS / Plant proteomics / Rice / Rhizobia 1 Introduction Symbiosis is a widely existing phenomenon in nature, which attracts a lot of attention from scientists because of its potential application in agriculture. Several studies have reported that a variety of endophytic bacteria, including nitrogen fixers, can be isolated from surface sterilized healthy plant tissues [1–6]. Among these endophytic Correspondence: Dr. Shihua Shen, The Research and Development Center for Energy Plants, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China E-mail: shshen@ibcas.ac.cn Fax: 186-10-62596594 Abbreviations: CRT, Calreticulin; DAI, days after inoculation; GFP, green fluorescent protein; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; POX, peroxidase & 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim bacteria, rhizobia have been most extensively studied because of their interaction with legumes, which is believed to have a positive influence on plant growth. Rhizobia invade the root of legumes by producing Nod factors, which are recognized by plant LysM-like receptors. The interaction between Nod factors and Lysm-Like receptors initiates a signal transduction pathway that is critical for the invasion process [7–9]. Rhizobial infection of the host plant induces the formation of a special root structure (nodule) wherein ammonia is produced by reducing the atmosphere nitrogen [7–9]. The reduction of atmosphere nitrogen into ammonia These authors contributed equally to this work. Additional corresponding author: Professor Yuxiang Jing E-mail: jingyx@ibcas.ac.cn www.proteomics-journal.com Wang et al. BMC Plant Biology 2010, 10:34 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/10/34 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Salicylic acid alleviates decreases in photosynthesis under heat stress and accelerates recovery in grapevine leaves Li-Jun Wang1, Ling Fan1,2, Wayne Loescher3, Wei Duan1, Guo-Jie Liu2, Jian-Shan Cheng1, Hai-Bo Luo1, Shao-Hua Li4* Abstract Background: Although the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on photosynthesis of plants including grapevines has been investigated, very little is yet known about the effects of SA on carbon assimilation and several components of PSII electron transport (donor side, reaction center and acceptor side). In this study, the impact of SA pretreatment on photosynthesis was evaluated in the leaves of young grapevines before heat stress (25°C), during heat stress (43°C for 5 h), and through the following recovery period (25°C). Photosynthetic measures included gas exchange parameters, PSII electron transport, energy dissipation, and Rubisco activation state. The levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the chloroplast were also investigated. Results: SA did not significantly (P < 0.05) influence the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) of leaves before heat stress. But, SA did alleviate declines in Pn and Rubisco activition state, and did not alter negative changes in PSII parameters (donor side, acceptor side and reaction center QA) under heat stress. Following heat treatment, the recovery of Pn in SA-treated leaves was accelerated compared with the control (H2O-treated) leaves, and, donor and acceptor parameters of PSII in SA-treated leaves recovered to normal levels more rapidly than in the controls. Rubisco, however, was not significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by SA. Before heat stress, SA did not affect level of HSP 21, but the HSP21 immune signal increased in both SA-treated and control leaves during heat stress. During the recovery period, HSP21 levels remained high through the end of the experiment in the SA-treated leaves, but decreased in controls. Conclusion: SA pretreatment alleviated the heat stress induced decrease in Pn mainly through maintaining higher Rubisco activition state, and it accelerated the recovery of Pn mainly through effects on PSII function. These effects of SA may be related in part to enhanced levels of HSP21. Background Heat stress due to high ambient temperatures is a serious threat to crop production [1]. Photosynthesis is one of the most sensitive physiological processes to heat stress in green plants [2]. Photochemical reactions in thylakoid lamellae in the chloroplast stroma have been suggested as the primary sites of injury at high temperature [3]. Heat stress may lead to the dissociation of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), resulting in an imbalance during the electron flow from OEC toward the * Correspondence: shhli@wbcas.cn 4 Key Laboratory of Pant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China acceptor side of photosystem II (PSII) [4]. Heat stress may also impair other parts of the reaction center, e.g., the D1 and/or the D2 proteins [5]. Several studies have suggested that heat stress inhibits electron transport at the acceptor side of PSII [6-8]. Direct measurements of the redox potential of QA have demonstrated that heat stress induces an increase in the midpoint redox potential of the Q A /Q A - couple in which electron transfer from QA- to the secondary quinone electron acceptor of PSII (QB ) is inhibited [6-8]. On the other hand, some studies have shown that the decreased photosynthesis could be attributed to the perturbations of biochemical processes, such as decreases in ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and decreases © 2010 Wang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Zeng et al. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:94 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/94 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Development of a EST dataset and characterization of EST-SSRs in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim Shaohua Zeng1,2†, Gong Xiao1,2†, Juan Guo1,2, Zhangjun Fei3,4, Yanqin Xu1, Bruce A Roe5, Ying Wang1* Abstract Background: Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant species, has been used extensively as genuine medicinal materials. Certain Epimedium species are endangered due to commercial overexploition, while sustainable application studies, conservation genetics, systematics, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) of Epimedium is less-studied due to the lack of molecular markers. Here, we report a set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) identified in these ESTs for E. sagittatum. Results: cDNAs of E. sagittatum are sequenced using 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing technology. The raw reads are cleaned and assembled into a total of 76,459 consensus sequences comprising of 17,231 contigs and 59,228 singlets. About 38.5% (29,466) of the consensus sequences significantly match to the non-redundant protein database (E-value < 1e-10), 22,295 of which are further annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. A total of 2,810 EST-SSRs is identified from the Epimedium EST dataset. Trinucleotide SSR is the dominant repeat type (55.2%) followed by dinucleotide (30.4%), tetranuleotide (7.3%), hexanucleotide (4.9%), and pentanucleotide (2.2%) SSR. The dominant repeat motif is AAG/CTT (23.6%) followed by AG/CT (19.3%), ACC/GGT (11.1%), AT/AT (7.5%), and AAC/ GTT (5.9%). Thirty-two SSR-ESTs are randomly selected and primer pairs are synthesized for testing the transferability across 52 Epimedium species. Eighteen primer pairs (85.7%) could be successfully transferred to Epimedium species and sixteen of those show high genetic diversity with 0.35 of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and 0.65 of expected heterozygosity (He) and high number of alleles per locus (11.9). Conclusion: A large EST dataset with a total of 76,459 consensus sequences is generated, aiming to provide sequence information for deciphering secondary metabolism, especially for flavonoid pathway in Epimedium. A total of 2,810 EST-SSRs is identified from EST dataset and ~1580 EST-SSR markers are transferable. E. sagittatum ESTSSR transferability to the major Epimedium germplasm is up to 85.7%. Therefore, this EST dataset and EST-SSRs will be a powerful resource for further studies such as taxonomy, molecular breeding, genetics, genomics, and secondary metabolism in Epimedium species. Background Herb epimedii, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is prepared from the aerial parts of Epimedium species of Berberidaceae, which is a basal eudicot family containing enormous medicinal plants. E. sagittatum (Sieb. Et * Correspondence: yingwang@wbgcas.cn † Contributed equally 1 Key Laboratory of Pant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China Zucc.) Maxim, together with other four Epimedium species, E. brevicornu Maxim, E. pubescens Maxim, E. wushanense T. S. Ying, and E. koreanum Nakai, is listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia [1]. Herb epimediicontains various bioactive components and has been utilized extensively as a tonic and antirheumatic medicinal herb for thousands of years in China. Currently, Herb epimedii is still widely used to treat many diseases such as impotence, frequency/urgency of urination, coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis, and neurasthenia [2]. In © 2010 Zeng et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Annals of Botany 106: 505 –514, 2010 doi:10.1093/aob/mcq125, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org PART OF A HIGHLIGHT ON GENES IN EVOLUTION A single origin and moderate bottleneck during domestication of soybean (Glycine max): implications from microsatellites and nucleotide sequences Juan Guo 1,†, Yunsheng Wang 1,†, Chi Song 1, Jianfeng Zhou 1, Lijuan Qiu 2, Hongwen Huang 1,* and Ying Wang 1,* 1 Received: 25 March 2010 Returned for revision: 19 April 2010 Accepted: 13 May 2010 Published electronically: 21 June 2010 † Background and Aims It is essential to illuminate the evolutionary history of crop domestication in order to understand further the origin and development of modern cultivation and agronomy; however, despite being one of the most important crops, the domestication origin and bottleneck of soybean (Glycine max) are poorly understood. In the present study, microsatellites and nucleotide sequences were employed to elucidate the domestication genetics of soybean. † Methods The genomes of 79 landrace soybeans (endemic cultivated soybeans) and 231 wild soybeans (G. soja) that represented the species-wide distribution of wild soybean in East Asia were scanned with 56 microsatellites to identify the genetic structure and domestication origin of soybean. To understand better the domestication bottleneck, four nucleotide sequences were selected to simulate the domestication bottleneck. † Key Results Model-based analysis revealed that most of the landrace genotypes were assigned to the inferred wild soybean cluster of south China, South Korea and Japan. Phylogeny for wild and landrace soybeans showed that all landrace soybeans formed a single cluster supporting a monophyletic origin of all the cultivars. The populations of the nearest branches which were basal to the cultivar lineage were wild soybeans from south China. The coalescent simulation detected a bottleneck severity of K′ ¼ 2 during soybean domestication, which could be explained by a foundation population of 6000 individuals if domestication duration lasted 3000 years. † Conclusions As a result of integrating geographic distribution with microsatellite genotype assignment and phylogeny between landrace and wild soybeans, a single origin of soybean in south China is proposed. The coalescent simulation revealed a moderate genetic bottleneck with an effective wild soybean population used for domestication estimated to be ≈2 % of the total number of ancestral wild soybeans. Wild soybeans in Asia, especially in south China contain tremendous genetic resources for cultivar improvement. Key words: Wild soybean, Glycine soja, cultivated soybean, G. max, microsatellite, nucleotide sequence, domestication origin, domestication bottleneck. IN T RO DU C T IO N The origin of agriculture known as the Neolithic revolution in human history has resulted in the transition from a hunter-gather mode to an agricultural-based society (Diamond, 2002; Salamini et al., 2002). Domestication of animal and plant has played an essential role in the rising of agriculture (Diamond, 2002; Salamini et al., 2002). Making the genetics of domestication clearer could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution and history of crops and provide valuable information not only on the increasing demand of improvement of yield and quality, but also on the origin of agriculture (Jones and Brown, 2000; Diamond, 2002). Domestication was an evolutionary process in which several characters such as loss of seed dispersal, increase in grain size and synchronous ripening and so on, were adaptively evolved and selected by human beings (Brown et al., 2009; Glémin and Bataillon, 2009). Modern crops, especially landraces that descended from the wild-relative populations should maintain many of the features from wild populations. Therefore, genotypic comparison between cultivars and wild relatives from the natural distribution areas would indicate the direct ancestors of the crops (Brown et al., 2009). Recently, molecular genetics has been used to trace the evolutionary origin and domestication history of crops, such as common bean, sunflower, einkorn wheat, rice, maize and potato (Heun et al., 1997; Matsuoka et al., 2002; Harter et al., 2004; Chacón S et al., 2005; Spooner et al., 2005; Doebley et al., 2006; Londo et al., 2006; Smith, 2006). Domestication was accompanied by a reduction in genetic diversity, as well as loss of useful traits reserved in wild relatives. During domestication, lines that contained agronomically important characters were selected, which resulted in a genome-wide reduction of genetic diversity or selective sweep in domesticated crops (Tanksley and McCouch, 1997; Buckler et al., 2001; Diamond, 2002). For example, it was suggested that several grasses had about two-thirds of the genetic diversity of their wild relatives (Buckler et al., # The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org Downloaded from aob.oxfordjournals.org at Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS on September 5, 2010 Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China and 2The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Lab of Germplasm & Biotechnology (MOA), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China * For correspondence. E-mail yingwang@wbgcas.cn or hongwen@wbgcas.cn † These authors contributed equally to the work. Annals of Botany 106: 497 –504, 2010 doi:10.1093/aob/mcq129, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org PART OF A HIGHLIGHT ON GENES IN EVOLUTION Ancient genome duplications during the evolution of kiwifruit (Actinidia) and related Ericales Tao Shi 1, Hongwen Huang 1,2 and Michael S. Barker 2,3,4,* 1 Received: 24 March 2010 Returned for revision: 20 April 2010 Accepted: 20 May 2010 Published electronically: 24 June 2010 † Background and Aims To assess the number and phylogenetic distribution of large-scale genome duplications in the ancestry of Actinidia, publicly available expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) for members of the Actinidiaceae and related Ericales, including tea (Camellia sinensis), were analysed. † Methods Synonymous divergences (Ks) were calculated for all duplications within gene families and examined for evidence of large-scale duplication events. Phylogenetic comparisons for a selection of orthologues among several related species in Ericales and two outgroups permitted placement of duplication events in relation to lineage divergences. Gene ontology (GO) categories were analysed for each whole-genome duplication (WGD) and the whole transcriptome. † Key Results Evidence for three ancient WGDs in Actinidia was found. Analyses of paleologue GO categories indicated a different pattern of retained genes for each genome duplication, but a pattern consistent with the dosage-balance hypothesis among all retained paleologues. † Conclusions This study provides evidence for one independent WGD in the ancestry of Actinidia (Ad-a), a WGD shared by Actinidia and Camellia (Ad-b), and the well-established At-g WGD that occurred prior to the divergence of all taxa examined. More ESTs in other taxa are needed to elucidate which groups in Ericales share the Ad-b or Ad-a duplications and their impact on diversification. Key words: Paleopolyploidy, Actinidiaceae, Ericales, Actinidia, Camellia, kiwi, genome duplication, dosage balance. IN T RO DU C T IO N The importance of polyploidy, or whole genome duplication, in plant evolution has been long recognized by researchers. Nearly 35 % of flowering plants are of recent polyploid provenance and at least 15 % of angiosperm speciation events are caused by whole genome duplication (Wood et al., 2009). Using recently developed genomic approaches, several ancient genome duplication events have also been inferred during the evolution of flowering plants (Blanc and Wolfe, 2004; Cui et al., 2006; Barker et al., 2008; Soltis et al., 2009). Recent polyploids are easy to detect by changes in chromosome numbers, genome size and gene copy number compared with progenitors, but ancient polyploids, or paleopolyploids, are much harder to identify because diploidization, gene loss and chromosomal rearrangements erode the signal. Despite the obfuscating action of these forces, paleopolyploidy may still be inferred by recognition of homoeologous chromosomes or large bursts of gene duplication (Barker and Wolf, 2010). Although completely sequenced and assembled nuclear genomes provide the ultimate resource for inferring paleopolyploidy, the identification of peaks of gene duplications in expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) provides an economical method to survey ancient polyploidy. The thousands of ESTs available for many plants provide a useful ‘snapshot’ of each genome. Large-scale duplication events lead to a punctuated, dramatic increase in the number of duplicated genes (Lynch and Connery, 2000; Blanc and Wolfe, 2004). The resulting excess of paralogues of a particular age produces a peak in the age distribution of duplications across gene families within a genome. This approach has been successfully employed in a variety of plants including wheat (Blanc and Wolfe, 2004), maize (Blanc and Wolfe, 2004; Schlueter et al., 2004), Solanum (Schlueter et al., 2004; Blanc and Wolfe, 2004; Cui et al., 2006), Populus (Sterck et al., 2005), Arabidopsis (Blanc and Wolfe, 2004; Maere et al., 2005; Barker et al., 2009), lettuce (Barker et al., 2008) and sunflower (Barker et al., 2008). Researchers have begun to elucidate the phylogenetic position of paleopolyploidizations in relation to lineage divergence by combining genomic and phylogenetic methods in the Fabaceae (Pfeil et al., 2005), Compositae (Barker et al., 2008) and Brassicales (Bowers et al., 2003; Schranz and Mitchell-Olds, 2006; Tang et al., 2008; Barker et al., 2009). The genus Actinidia, well known as kiwifruit, contains 76 species of climbing plants originating mainly in China (Huang and Ferguson, 2007). Over the past three decades, kiwifruit has developed into an important horticultural cash crop and a fruit industry worldwide (Huang and Ferguson, # The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org Downloaded from http://aob.oxfordjournals.org at Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS on August 24, 2010 Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China, 2South China Botanical Garden/South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 3The Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 and 4Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA * For correspondence. E-mail msbarker@biodiversity.ubc.ca Author's personal copy b i o m a s s a n d b i o e n e r g y 3 4 ( 2 0 1 0 ) 1 7 3 9 e1 7 5 0 Available at www.sciencedirect.com http://www.elsevier.com/locate/biombioe ISSR-based genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas germplasm in China Yu Cai a,b,c, Daokun Sun a,b, Guojiang Wu d, Junhua Peng a,b,e,* a Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China c Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China d South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China e Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526-1170, USA b article info abstract Article history: Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) is an oil-producing plant with multiple uses, especially the great Received 3 November 2009 potential of energy application. Germplasm collection and evaluation are essential for Received in revised form breeding new cultivars with high yield, good quality and wide adaptation. In the present 23 June 2010 study, we investigated genetic diversity of Chinese Jatropha germplasm by using ISSR Accepted 1 July 2010 markers. A set of 224 accessions including 219 from all the adaptation areas in China and Available online 5 August 2010 five from Myanmar was adopted. Out of 100 UBC ISSR primers, 15 that had good reproducibility were selected to genotype the population. Among the 169 amplified bands, 127 Keywords: (75.15%) were polymorphic which meant that Chinese Jatropha had high genetic diversity. Jatropha curcas Population genetics analysis showed that average Nei’s gene diversity (He) was 0.19, and Oil content average Shannon Information Index (I ) was 0.292, indicating a relatively high genetic Genetic diversity variation in the collections. The dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance showed that Genetic distance distinct genetic differentiation occurred in Chinese Jatropha, most of the mainland Cluster analysis accessions were clustered into a sub-group (Ia), and accessions from Hainan Island and its Core collection of germplasm neighboring Guangdong province were generally clustered into another sub-group (Ib). A core germplasm collection was established by SCR strategy. This core collection consisted of 46 accessions that accounted 20.54% of the initial collection, and maintained over 90% of observed alleles, polymorphic loci and polymorphism rate. Slight correlation of oil content variation and genetic diversity was observed. Tropical populations are the most important genetic resources and crosses between this tropics and the mainland are recommended for genetic improvement of Jatropha in China. ª 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Biofuel is renewable and benign to environment, and has showed a great potential in coping with worldwide energy crisis and increasingly serious environmental problems. It has attracted attention from most of the countries in the world as an alternative to fossil fuels. According to the USDA report in 2007, China is the third largest biofuel producer in the world just behind Brazil and America [1,2], and development of biofuel has great prospect in China because of the good basis and great energy demand in the future. It is essential for biofuel production to develop feedstocks. It is also not easy to find a proper feedstock in the first phase of development. Currently there are over 60 energy plants * Corresponding author. Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China. Tel./fax: þ86 27 8761 7230. E-mail addresses: jpeng@wbgcas.cn, jpeng@lamar.colostate.edu (J.H. Peng). 0961-9534/$ e see front matter ª 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.07.001 Food Chemistry 122 (2010) 475–481 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Rapid Communication Effect of grape genotype and tissue type on callus growth and production of resveratrols and their piceids after UV-C irradiation Wen Liu a,b, Chunyan Liu a, Chunxiang Yang a, Lijun Wang a, Shaohua Li a,c,* a Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China c Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China b a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 22 October 2009 Received in revised form 25 January 2010 Accepted 11 March 2010 Keywords: Stilbene Callus UV-C irradiation Genotype Tissue type a b s t r a c t Grape calli systems were used to study the relationships between stilbene production and: (1) four grape genotypes, (2) leaf, berry exocarp and seed tissues and (3) UV-C irradiation. All explants could be de-differentiated. However, subsequent callus growth depended mainly on genotype and tissue type. Nonembryogenic callus accumulated more resveratrols and piceids and had a higher growth index than pro-embryogenic and embryogenic calli. UV-C irradiation for 20 min was most efficient in promoting both the accumulation of resveratrols and piceids and callus growth index. There was dynamic production of resveratrols and piceids in UV-C-irradiated leaf-derived calli over a 72 h period, with optimum harvest time for the highest total stilbene content at 48 h. Accumulation of stilbenes in UV-C-irradiated calli depended upon genetic background and tissue type, with higher stilbene contents in two interspecific root stocks and leaf or exocarp explants. Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Stilbenes are nonflavonoid phenolics found in the tissues and organs of plants in several families, including Vitaceae, Arachaceae and Pinaceae (Gambino, Bondaz, & Gribaudo, 2006). They are thought to play a phytoalexin-role in plants that produce them. One of the most relevant and extensively studied stilbenes is trans-resveratrol (trans-3,5,40 -trihydroxystilbene) (Cantos, TomásBarberán, Martínez, & Espín, 2003), which has been reported to have a number of health-beneficial properties, such as antioxidant capacity, cardiovascular protective effect, antimutagenic properties and estrogenic and cancer chemopreventive activity (Hung, Chen, Huang, Lee, & Su, 2000; Sgambato et al., 2001). Trans-resveratrol is an important and leading stilbenic compound in many plants, but its cis-form has not been detected often. In addition to resveratrol, its glucoside (piceid) has also shown beneficial effects on health. For example, trans-piceid can inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation, reduce platelet aggregation, and act as a tumour and metastatic carcinoma inhibitor (Kimura & Okuda, 2000). There has been particular interest in grapes, as they encompass a broad germplasm base, are widely planted and consumed and * Corresponding author at: Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China. Tel.: +86 27 87510599; fax: +86 27 87510251. E-mail address: shhli@wbgcas.cn (S. Li). 0308-8146/$ - see front matter Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.055 have a higher stilbene concentration than have most species (Laufenberg, Kunz, & Nystroem, 2003). However, stilbene biosynthesis and accumulation in grape tissues under natural conditions varies with environment and growth stage of the plant. Plant cell culture potentially offers uniform secondary-product synthesis by eliminating effects of unforeseen climatic conditions and diseases, as occurs in field-grown plants (Trejo-Tapia et al., 2008). Thus, callus and cell suspension cultures are attractive for optimising production of secondary metabolites. However, low and unstable yields have been major obstacles to developing large-scale production systems using plant cells. Many studies of Vitis cell-cultures have been undertaken to stabilise and increase stilbene yield, but most attempts have been limited to Vitis vinifera cultivars and grape leaf tissues. Studies at the Vitis germplasm level have shown that resveratrol content depends on genotype (Li, Wu, Wang, & Li, 2006), with range 0.01–356 lg g1 fresh weight (Fw) in berry skins and 0.01–35.1 lg g1 Fw in seeds. All V. vinifera cultivars have low trans-resveratrol concentrations, but some species–hybrid rootstocks have much higher transresveratrol concentrations in their berry skins than has V. vinifera. Moreover, grape leaves accumulate stilbenes at low levels under natural conditions, and there are different concentrations of trans-resveratrol in different tissue types within the same genotype (Li et al., 2006; Tassoni et al., 2005; Zamboni, Vrhovsek, Kassemeyer, Mattivi, & Velasco, 2006). Little information is available on the influence of grape genotype and tissue type on callus growth and stilbene production in vitro. The effect of callus-type on CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/ajb Australian Journal of Botany, 2010, 58, 318–326 Population genetic variation, differentiation and bottlenecks of Dacrydium pectinatum (Podocarpaceae) in Hainan Island, China: implications for its conservation Ying-Juan Su A, Ting Wang B,C and Feng Deng A A State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China. C Corresponding author. Email: tingwang@wbgcas.cn B Abstract. Island populations provide an ideal natural experiment with which to study the forces driving population evolution. Seventeen populations of Dacrydium pectinatum de Laubenfels on Hainan Island, China, were sampled throughout its distribution range and then assessed using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. Population genetic parameters were estimated by Bayesian approaches as well as conventional methods. Genetic bottleneck signatures were further dissected by performing three heterozygosity excess tests and the mode-shift indicator test. Compared with other coniferous species, a relatively high level of genetic variation and a low degree of differentiation was revealed in D. pectinatum. In addition, severe bottlenecks were identified at local, regional as well as range-wide scale. Ecological and life-history traits were suggested to play major roles in the shaping of the genetic variation pattern. In particular, long life span could have exerted a lagging effect on both the genetic variation and differentiation of extant populations. Our findings may contribute to improving management practices for the restoration of D. pectinatum. Introduction Island systems have long been recognised as ideal natural experiments for the study of basic questions about population genetics (Darwin 1859; Grant 1998; Stuessy and Ono 1998; Bottin et al. 2005). They possess several features that are highly valuable for understanding evolutionary processes, including discrete entities, small areas but varied habitats and being often geologically dynamic (Emerson 2002). Compared with mainlands, islands’ geographic isolation and simpler environmental systems make them particularly suitable to discern the effects of mechanisms, such as genetic drift, gene flow or migration and natural selection, on the population evolution, because of the relative ease in designing experiments and analyses that are not confounded by environmental factors (Hedrick 2000; Maki 2001; White and Searle 2007). Island populations generally tend to possess low levels of genetic variation (Frankham 1997). There are several possible reasons for this genetic depauperation, including (i) the net loss of genetic variation that is associated with colonisation events and founder effects, (ii) the subsequent loss caused by the finite population size since foundation and (iii) adaptation to island environments, which can be established through the selection for favourable alleles or gene combinations (Jaenike 1973; Frankham 1997). In most cases, studies of plant species support this generalisation (Frankham 1997; Crawford et al. 2001; Maki 2001; Muller et al. 2009). However, notable exceptions do exist (Weller et al. 1996; Francisco-Ortega et al. 2000; Helenurm 2001; Hiramatsu et al. 2001; López-Pujol et al. CSIRO 2010 2003). For example, moderate to high levels of genetic variation has been detected in a critically endangered perennial larkspur, Delphinium pentagynum subsp. formenteranum, endemic to the island of Formentera, Spain (López-Pujol et al. 2003). The plant can remain dormant for many years and allow genetically distinct individuals to be present at different years for crossing, which leads to the increase of the overall effective population size (Ne), generating a positive effect on genetic diversity (López-Pujol et al. 2003). In addition, the spatial distribution pattern of island populations should also influence the partition of genetic variation among the populations (Nielsen 2004). However, relatively few studies have systematically attempted to deal with this issue, especially for coniferous species. Hainan Island (18090 –20100 N, 108230 –111030 E) is one of the hotspots of biodiversity in China (Li 1995). Its flora contains 3164 vascular plants, 12.8% of which are endemic (Liang and Yang 2009). The island, consisting of 33 900 km2, is separated from the Chinese mainland by the Qiongzhou Strait, which is ~20 km wide and 100 m deep (Tang et al. 2003). Yan (2006) indicated that throughout the geological history, Hainan Island has experienced a connection (before the late Neogene), disconnection (from the late Neogene to the Pleistocene), reconnection (from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene) and redisconnection (since the Holocene) with Chinese mainland. Nonetheless, it is almost certain that the process of connection and disconnection has been repeated many times through the Pleistocene, as global sea levels repeatedly rose and fell (Hope 2005). During the last glacial maximum (LGM), sea level can 10.1071/BT09106 0067-1924/10/040318 Euphytica (2010) 175:133–143 DOI 10.1007/s10681-010-0194-z Vitamin C, flower color and ploidy variation of hybrids from a ploidy-unbalanced Actinidia interspecific cross and SSR characterization Lei Zhang • Zuozhou Li • Yanchang Wang • Zhengwang Jiang • Shengmei Wang • Hongwen Huang Received: 27 April 2009 / Accepted: 13 May 2010 / Published online: 30 May 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 Abstract Seedlings derived from an Actinidia interspecific cross between the hexaploid Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Jinkui’ and the diploid male A. eriantha 9 A. chinensis var. chinensis ‘Chaohong’ hybrid were analyzed using flow cytometry, SSR markers and phenotypic observations. The results show that the leaf vitamin C content of this hybrid population has a mid-parent heterosis. Separation of flower color in the progeny was also observed, progeny with red flowers lighter than ‘Chaohong’, white flowers as in ‘Jinkui’ and intermediate types with a red base to the petals and white margins were all present. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that most of the progeny were tetraploids, and molecular marker data showed that most of these tetraploid progeny had three alleles from the hexaploid parent and one allele from the diploid parent. UPGMA analysis based on the SSR markers showed that the diploid parent was completely separated from the hexaploid parent and all the progeny. Keywords Actinidia Interspecific cross Vitamin C Flower color Ploidy SSR Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10681-010-0194-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. L. Zhang Z. Li Y. Wang (&) Z. Jiang S. Wang H. Huang (&) Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China e-mail: kiwifruit@wbgcas.cn H. Huang e-mail: huanghw@mail.scbg.ac.cn L. Zhang Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China H. Huang South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China Kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.) has become an important fruit tree crop after development of commercial production over the past several decades. The planted area of worldwide kiwifruit industry has reached approximately 140,000 hectares and the total production exceeded 1.8 million metric tons (Belrose Inc. 2008). However, the international kiwifruit industry mainly relies on a few naturally selected cultivars from two infraspecific taxa of Actinidia chinensis (A. chinensis var. chinensis and A. chinensis var. deliciosa), the commercially most valuable species of the genus Actinidia, which encompasses more than 50 species and 70 taxa (Li et al. 2007). The two other species that have been cultivated on a small scale are A. arguta (Williams et al. 2003) and A. eriantha (Xiao 1999; Jo et al. 2007). 123 Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 38 (2010) 154–159 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biochemical Systematics and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco Microsatellite diversity and mating system of Sinojackia xylocarpa (Styracaceae), a species extinct in the wild Jinju Zhang a, b, Qigang Ye a, Xiaohong Yao a, *, Hongwen Huang a a Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China b College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, PR China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 3 August 2009 Accepted 24 December 2009 Sinojackia xylocarpa is a Chinese endemic species that is extinct in the wild but extant in botanical gardens. Microsatellites were used to investigate the genetic diversity and mating system of this species for future use in a reintroduction program. Ex situ conserved populations of S. xylocarpa maintain intermediate levels of genetic diversity (HE ¼ 0.570– 0.640). However, a general and significant heterozygote excess was found, with a mean FIS of 0.103. S. xylocarpa was determined to be predominantly outcrossing (tm ¼ 0.992; ts ¼ 1.092). Population size and genetic diversity were found to be positively correlated (r ¼ 0.991; P ¼ 0.084). Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) suggests that all extant individuals are derived from two source populations. Reintroduction strategies of S. xylocarpa were proposed on the basis of these results. Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Sinojackia xylocarpa Extinction Microsatellite diversity Mating system Reintroduction 1. Introduction Human activities and global climate change have led to progressive and large-scale habitat degradation, fragmentation, and loss, with consequent loss of species and genetic diversity (Heywood and Iriondo, 2003). About two-thirds of vascular plants may disappear by the end of the 21st century if aggressive conservation measures are not taken (Pitman and Jorgensen, 2002). Ex situ preservation of living plants has played a significant role as a complement to in situ conservation, especially for critically endangered species or those that are now extinct in the wild (Frankham et al., 2002). The most important ex situ conservation sites are the world’s 1800 botanical gardens, which are estimated to have preserved nearly 30% of rare or endangered plant species (Maunder, 1994; BGCI, 2003). Though great effort has been made toward plant ex situ conservation in recent years, there has been little focus in assessing the efficacy of ex situ conservation strategies. Genetic diversity is of critical importance for the maintenance of a species’ ecological and evolutionary potential to cope with a changing environment, and loss of genetic diversity within species is often associated with reduced fitness (Booy et al., 2000). Hence, measuring and maintaining genetic variation in ex situ plants are major objectives for most species conservation plans (Avise and Hamrick, 1996; Li et al., 2002; Frankham et al., 2002). Furthermore, the mating system of a population determines how genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next and how genetic diversity is distributed among individuals and populations within a species. Thus, knowledge of a plant’s mating system is useful in conservation management. However, assessing the levels of genetic variation and mating system for endangered ex situ plant species has rarely been conducted (Li et al., 2002). * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ86 27 87510567; fax: þ86 27 87510331. E-mail address: smallflood@wbgcas.cn (X. Yao). 0305-1978/$ – see front matter Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.12.025 Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 38 (2010) 576–584 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biochemical Systematics and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco Contrasting genetic variation and differentiation on Hainan Island and the Chinese mainland populations of Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Podocarpaceae) Yingjuan Su a, Ting Wang b, *, Feng Deng a a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 19 January 2010 Accepted 10 July 2010 Dacrycarpus imbricatus is a vulnerable conifer in China whose geographical distribution encompasses large island but small mainland populations, providing a framework for contrasting the patterns of population genetic composition. In this study, seven populations on Hainan Island and the Chinese mainland were sampled throughout its distribution range and assessed using ISSR. The results did not show significant differences neither in genetic variation nor in genetic differentiation between the island and the mainland populations (P > 0.05). Severe bottlenecks were identified at population, island/ mainland as well as range-wide scales. A relatively high level of variation but a low degree of differentiation was revealed. Ecological and life traits were suggested to play main roles in the shaping of genetic variation pattern. Of them long generation times could have exerted a lagging effect on both the genetic variation and differentiation. Our findings may contribute to establish management practices. Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Dacrycarpus imbricatus Hainan Island The Chinese mainland Genetic variation Genetic differentiation Inter-simple sequence repeats Conservation unit 1. Introduction Plant species with island-mainland distributions have often been considered a model for the study of isolation and genetic divergence (Chiang et al., 2006). Compared to their mainland counterparts, island populations are generally characterized as having lower genetic variation, less among-population differentiation, more significant inbreeding, and a much higher risk of extinction (Frankham, 1997, 1998; Maki, 1999; Lee et al., 2002; Nielsen, 2004). They also tend to display strong differentiation from mainland populations (Rivera-Ocasio et al., 2002; Yeh and Hu, 2005). Nevertheless, these generalizations have mainly been derived from examinations of plants with larger mainland populations but smaller island ones. For cases where mainland populations are smaller than island populations, very few studies have been conducted. Moreover, even if in plants whose mainland populations are larger, other different patterns have also been recorded such as that both island and mainland populations contain similar amount of genetic diversity (Maki and Morita, 1998), that populations within the island exhibit higher levels of genetic differentiation than those in the mainland (Maki and Morita, 1998) as well as that insular populations are not significantly differentiated from their mainland sources (Muller et al., 2009). * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ86 27 87510677; fax: þ86 27 87510251. E-mail address: tingwang@wbgcas.cn (T. Wang). 0305-1978/$ – see front matter Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2010.07.003 Proof Only J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 135(6):1–5. 2010. Osmotic Potential, Sucrose Level, and Activity of Sucrose Metabolic Enzymes in Tall Fescue in Response to Deficit Irrigation Jinmin Fu1 Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan City, Hubei, 430074, P.R. China Bingru Huang Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Jack Fry Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. carbohydrate, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, acid invertase, Festuca arundinacea ABSTRACT. Effects of deficit irrigation applied to home lawns, used as means of water conservation, are an important issue. However, the impact of deficit irrigation on sucrose metabolism in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is unknown and important because sucrose is the dominant form of carbohydrate transported to developing plant organs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on leaf water content, osmotic potential (cS), sucrose level, and the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase [SPS; electrical conductivity (EC) 2.4.1.14], sucrose synthase (SS; EC 2.4.1.13), and acid invertase (AI; EC 3.2.1.26) in tall fescue leaves. Sods of ‘Falcon II’ tall fescue were established in polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubes (10 cm diameter · 40 cm long) filled with a mixture of sand and fritted clay [9:1 (v:v)] and then placed in growth chambers. Reference evapotranspiration rate [ETo (millimeters of water per day)] was determined by weighing the PVC tubes containing well-watered turfgrass every 3 days to determine water loss on a daily basis as ETo. Deficit irrigation treatments were applied as follows: well-watered control, mild drought stress (60% ETo), and severe drought stress (20% ETo). Leaf water content was lower at 6, 12, and 20 days of treatment for the 20% ETo treatment and 20 days after treatment began for the 60% ETo treatment. Compared with the well-watered control, cS was lower in the 60% ETo treatment on all three measurement dates. Sucrose was higher at 8 and 14 days after treatment began in the 60% ETo treatment and on all three measurement dates in the 20% ETo treatment relative to the well-watered control. No difference in sucrose level was observed between the 20% ETo and 60% ETo irrigation regimes at 8 and 14 days of treatment. Beginning 14 days after treatment, tall fescue had a higher level of SPS in the 60% ETo and 20% ETo treatments compared with the well-watered treatment. Tall fescue receiving 60% or 20% ETo had a lower level of AI activity on all measurement dates. Results suggest that the decrease in cS was accompanied by higher sucrose levels, which were the result of the increased level of SPS and SS activity and a decline in AI activity. Proper irrigation management is critical to growing quality turfgrass with limited water in arid and semiarid regions. Deficit irrigation, defined as applying water in amounts less than the reference evapotranspiration rate, is an irrigation management practice that could result in water savings (Fu et al., 2007). The ETo, measured as amount of daily water loss from a canopy under non-water-limiting conditions, often is used to estimate water requirements in turfgrass irrigation. Reduction in irrigation application not only can reduce costs associated with water consumption and can improve environmental stress tolerance, but it also prevents turfgrass from the injury of mechanical AU1 stresses, cyanobacteria, and diseases (Beard, 1973; Dernoeden, 2002; Turgeon, 2008). Some researchers have found that turfgrass is able to tolerate moderate drought (DaCosta and Huang, 2006; Fu et al., 2004; Gilbeault et al., 1985). Tall fescue, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) irrigated to 60% or 80% of ETo exhibited similar turfgrass quality when compared with well-watered turfgrass (Fu et al., 2004). Gilbeault et al. (1985) also observed that tall fescue, kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) had only a slightly lower level of quality when irrigated at 80% ETo relative to 100% ETo. Availability of total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) has been widely used as a physiological measure of stress tolerance, because carbohydrates provide energy and solutes for osmotic adjustment. Sucrose, an important component of TNC, is the dominant form of carbohydrate transported to developing plant organs and is one of the sugars stored in higher plants (Khayat and Zieslin, 1987). Sucrose also serves as an osmotic solute (Premachandra et al., 1992; Rekika et al., 1998; Tan et al., 1992; Zhang and Archbold, 1993). The effect of water deficits on sucrose levels has been reported in some plants. For example, improved responses of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to water deficits were associated with sucrose metabolism (Castrillo, 1992; Vassey et al., 1991). McManus et al. (2000) found that after white clover (Trifolium repens) was exposed to a period of moderate drought stress, leaf sucrose content increased significantly. Leaf sucrose level increased by 300% at the end of an Proof Only Received for publication 16 June 2010. Accepted for publication 24 Sept. 2010. 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: huang@aesop.rutgers.edu. J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 135(6):1–5. 2010. 1 Journal of Systematics and Evolution 48 (2): 77–93 (2010) doi: 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00071.x Plastid genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and phylogenomics: Current status and prospects 1 1 Lei GAO 2 Ying-Juan SU∗ 1 Ting WANG∗ (Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China) 2 (State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China) Abstract More than 190 plastid genomes have been completely sequenced during the past two decades due to advances in DNA sequencing technologies. Based on this unprecedented abundance of data, extensive genomic changes have been revealed in the plastid genomes. Inversion is the most common mechanism that leads to gene order changes. Several inversion events have been recognized as informative phylogenetic markers, such as a 30-kb inversion found in all living vascular plants minus lycopsids and two short inversions putatively shared by all ferns. Gene loss is a common event throughout plastid genome evolution. Many genes were independently lost or transferred to the nuclear genome in multiple plant lineages. The trnR-CCG gene was lost in some clades of lycophytes, ferns, and seed plants, and all the ndh genes were absent in parasitic plants, gnetophytes, Pinaceae, and the Taiwan moth orchid. Certain parasitic plants have, in particular, lost plastid genes related to photosynthesis because of the relaxation of functional constraint. The dramatic growth of plastid genome sequences has also promoted the use of whole plastid sequences and genomic features to solve phylogenetic problems. Chloroplast phylogenomics has provided additional evidence for deep-level phylogenetic relationships as well as increased phylogenetic resolutions at low taxonomic levels. However, chloroplast phylogenomics is still in its infant stage and rigorous analysis methodology has yet to be developed. Key words chloroplast phylogenomics, comparative genomics, gene loss, genome rearrangement, plastid genome sequencing. Plastid genome (plastome) sequence information is of central importance to tracing the evolutionary history of plastids and their hosts. The small genome size and high copy number per cell have made the plastid genomes much more amenable for sequencing than nuclear genomes. Currently, there are at least 190 completely sequenced plastid genomes available, of them 163 are from various green plants, with land plants having the best representation (137) (Fig. 1). Comparative studies indicate that plastid genomes have experienced substantial rearrangements and frequent gene losses throughout plant evolution. Some genes or groups of functionally related genes have been independently lost multiple times. These plastid genomic characters have been recognized as phylogentically informative markers. Based on the complete plastid genome sequence data, chloroplast phylogenomics has emerged as an effective approach to clarifying phylogenetic relationships in plants and algae. ∗ Received: 25 September 2009 Accepted: 14 January 2010 Author for correspondence. E-mail: suyj@mail.sysu.edu.cn; Tel.: 86-20-84035090; Fax: 86-2084036215. E-mail: tingwang@wbgcas.cn; Tel.: 86-27-87510677; Fax: 86-2787510251. C 2010 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Overview of plastid genome sequencing A search of public databases and published work revealed 190 completely sequenced plastid genomes, with a steep increase over the last 4 years (Fig. 2). A total of 24 and 33 genome sequences were reported during 1986–2001 and 2002–2005, respectively, whereas at least 133 were released within 2006–2009. In these efforts of plastid genome sequencing, a total of 163 land plants and green algae have already been determined (Fig. 1). Under the phylogenetic framework, the distribution of plastid genomic efforts is clearly uneven (Fig. 1). Given their apparent importance, flowering plants, particularly crops, are the focus of sequencing (Pryer et al., 2002). The lack of plastid genomic data of representatives from other crucial evolutionary nodes, however, may hinder our comparative understanding of plastid genomic organization, function, and evolution. Fortunately, this situation has started to change. Since 2007, 34 plastid genomes have been sequenced for non-flowering plants including chlorophytes (12), charophytes (1), bryophytes (2), lycophytes (2), monilophytes (2), and gymnosperms (15). The plastid genomic data, which now have a more expanded taxonomic coverage, offer an excellent opportunity for the study of plastid genome evolution. Ann. Bot. Fennici 47: 301–305 Helsinki 30 August 2010 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2010 Castanopsis malipoensis and C. jinpingensis (Fagaceae), two new species from Yunnan, China Li Chen1,2, Xin-Wei Li1, Jing-Bo Zhang1,2 & Jian-Qiang Li1,* Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China (*corresponding author’s e-mail: lijq@rose.whiob.ac.cn) 2) Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China 1) Received 5 Feb. 2009, revised version received 13 May 2009, accepted 22 May 2009 Chen, L., Li, X. W., Zhang, J. B. & Li, J. Q. 2010: Castanopsis malipoensis and C. jinpingensis (Fagaceae), two new species from Yunnan, China. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 47: 301–305. Castanopsis malipoensis and C. jinpingensis, two new species of Fagaceae from Yunnan, China, are described and illustrated. The former grows in mixed forests on limestone hills of the Malipo County and is closely related morphologically to C. xichouensis, differing from it by having thinner leaves, shorter petioles, flat glabrous cupule spines, and larger nuts. The latter is restricted to the thick forest on Mt. Wutai in the Jinping County, most resembling C. platyacantha, but differing from it by its entire leaf-margin, slender cupule spines without pubescences, and having smaller nuts. A key to the two species and their allies is provided. Key words: biodiversity, morphology, new species, taxonomy, vascular plants The genus Castanopsis (Fagaceae) is one of the dominant components of Asian tropical and subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests, rainforests and aseasonal montane forests. Approximately 120 species of the genus have been described, of which 58, including 30 endemics, occur in China (Huang et al. 1999). Following a review of the literature (Camus 1929, Govaerts & Frodin 1998, Huang et al. 1999) and examination of herbarium collections from various institutions (A, BM, E, K, L, P, TI, HIB, HK, IBK, IBSC, KUN, PE) for the revision of the Chinese Castanopsis, we have identified two species of this genus new to science. In more recent field work, we collected several additional specimens in the Counties of Jinping and Malipo, situated at the Indo-Burma hotspot (Myers et al. 2000) in the Yunnan Province. Castanopsis malipoensis C.C. Huang ex J.Q. Li & L. Chen, sp. nova (Fig. 1) Species C. xichouensi affinis, sed foliis tenuiter coriaceis, petiolis brevioribus, spinis complanatis ad basin, glandibus majoribus differt. Holotype: China. Yunnan, Malipo, Xiajinchang, Yunling (previously Huang-jin-in), thick evergreen forest on limestone hill, 1600 m, 19.X.2008 J.Q. Li et al. 2099 (HIB). — Paratypes: China. Yunnan, Malipo, Xiajinchang, Chungdzai, thick evergreen forest on limestone hill, 1540 m, 19.X.2008 J.Q. Li et al. 2100, 2101 (HIB); ibid., 1400–1600 m, 6.XI.1947 K.F. Feng 12939 (KUN). Trees ca. 20 m tall. Branchlets dull brown when dry, slightly angulate; second-year branches and rachis of infructescences dull black with slightly raised lenticels. Terminal buds ovoid- 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 2010 年报 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室 Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences 地址：武汉市磨山中国科学院武汉植物园 邮编：430074 电话：027-87510562 传真：027-87570670 50